CH. 2 psychology test
the scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes is called
biological psychology
the brain's oldest region is the
brainstem
which limbic system structure regulates thirst and body temperature
hypothalamus
Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered
inattentional blindness
circadian rhythm refers to
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
sleep is best defined as
a periodic natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages
during NREM sleep 1 , people may experience fantastic images that resemble
hallucinations
the medulla is the part of the brain that most directly regulates
heartbeat and breathing
some neurons enable you to grasp objects by relaying outgoing messages to the muscles in your arms and hands. these neurons are called
motor neurons
the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system are the
somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
which of the following is located in the occipital lobes
visual cortex
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing
REM sleep
fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with
REM sleep
the messages neurons carry are nerve impulses called
action potentials
which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage
amygdala
a neuron's reaction of either firing at full strength or not firing at all is described as
an all-or-none response
a chemical such as morphine that temporarily reduces pain and anxiety is
an opiate
which of the following is located in the temporal lobes
auditory cortex
the parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the ___ nervous system
autonomic
the part of the neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the
axon
nerves are electrical cables formed from bundles of
axons
a neuron is best described as a
cell
the brain and spinal cord form the
central nervous system
which baseball-sized structure behind the brainstem serves many functions, including helping you judge time and to discriminate sounds and textures
cerebellum
the region of the human brain that is most important for being able to communicate complex ideas through the use of language is the
cerebral cortex
the branching extensions of nerve cells that receive incoming signals from sensory receptors or from other neurons are called the
dendrites
plasticity refers to the brain's capacity to change by forming new neural pathways based on
experience
narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person
experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness
which of the following is most likely to occur during REM sleep
genital arousal
the endocrine system consists of
glands
the amygdala consists of emotion-linked neural clusters in the
limbic system
an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the
motor cortex
the speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)
myelin sheath
the body's speedy electrochemical information network is called the
nervous system
an action potential refers to a
neural impulse
dendrites are branching extensions of
neurons
the cells that serve as the basic building blocks of the body's information system are called
neurons
consciousness is defined as
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
the 2 major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ____ nervous system
peripheral
the master gland of the endocrine system is the
pituitary gland
insomnia is a disorder involving
recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep
focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called
selective attention
the thalamus serves as a
sensory control center
information is carried from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the central nervous system by
sensory neurons
which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity
sleep apnea
the junctions between the axon tips of sending neurons and the dendrites or cell bodies of receiving neurons are called
synapses
the central nervous system consists of
the brain and the spinal cord
an axon is
the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
which division of the autonomic nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in stressful situations?
the sympathetic nervous system
the minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the
threshold
