Ch. 2 Smartbook

Fayol's principle of ______ gives managers the informal power to use their personal expertise, technical knowledge, and moral worth in order to lead their subordinates to commit to the organization.

Authority and Responsibility

Which of the following is the study of how managers should personally behave for motivating employees, encouraging them to perform at high levels, and committing to achieving organizational goals?

Behavioral management

___ production refers to small workshops run by skilled workers who produce hand-manufactured products. (Enter one word in the blank.)

Crafts

What study suggests that workers' attitudes toward their managers affect the level of workers' performance?

Hawthorne effect

Fayol was the first to point out the downside of _________.

specialization

Job ______ is the process by which a division of labor occurs as different workers specialize in different tasks over time.

specialization

To achieve enormous savings of time and effort, the Gilbreths' goal was to maximize ______ in how individual tasks were performed resulting in gains across tasks.

Efficiency

Authority gives managers the power to make decisions regarding resources, both human and inanimate; however, it does not always hold managers accountable for their actions.

False

Standard operating procedures are generalized guidelines about how to perform a certain aspect of a task.

False.

Management science theory relies heavily on organic materials (including substances and human power) and less on quantitative techniques when helping managers make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services.

False: Management science theory does rely on rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make the best use of resources, resulting in quality goods and services.

The Gilbreths' goal was to make employees work harder for longer hours so that gains across tasks would add up to enormous savings of time and effort.

False: The Gilbreths wanted to maximize efficiency, not simply make employees work longer, harder hours

Theory Y managers believe that workers are lazy, dislike work and will try to do as little as possible.

False: This is false. Theory X promotes this belief.

Whose theory purported that managers have the right to give orders and the power to exhort subordinates for obedience?

Fayol's 14 principles of management

Which theorist believed that whoever had the knowledge, whether it be the manager or the workers, should also have the authority in any given situation?

Follett

Research known as the ___ studies, began as an attempt to investigate how characteristics of the work setting—specifically, the level of lighting, or illumination—affect worker fatigue and performance.

Hawthorne

Behavioral management is the study of how managers should personally behave:

- to motivate employees to be committed to organizational goals - to encourage employees to perform at high levels

Line of authority is the ___ of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization.

Chain

Fayol suggested that workers be given more ______ to counteract the boredom that many workers feel arising from too much specialization.

Job duties

In a bureaucratic system, when specifying the best ways to accomplish organizational tasks or increase performance, behavioral guidelines must be set. Which of the following are not important to include when defining these guidelines? (Choose two that apply.)

Line of Authority Industry Ratios

______ are unique to each company and are more than likely rooted in the organization's past experiences.

Dynamic capabilities

______ were first conducted to increase efficiency by improving characteristics of the work setting.

The Hawthorne studies

The idea that whoever has the knowledge, whether it be the manager or the workers, should also have the authority in that situation is characteristic of which management theorist?

Mary Parker Follett

What are the two factors that are examined in the administrative management theory when trying to create an organization that is highly efficient and effective?

Organizational structure and control systems

Rank the following theories of management from the oldest to the most recent, with the oldest theory at the top.

Scientific management, administrative management, behavioral management. management science, and organizational environment theory.

When individual workers begin to focus on particular tasks, a division of labor takes place called job ___. (Enter one word.)

Specialization

Specific sets of written instructions about how to perform a certain aspect of a task are called:

Standard Operation Procedures

What theory has the premise that there is no best way to organize and that the organizational structures and control systems that managers choose will be based on factors occurring in the the external environmental?

contingency

A system of small workshops run by skilled workers who produced hand-manufactured products was called ______.

crafts production

Fayol was known for his many contributions to management theory, but one of his claims to fame was to be the first to ______.

limit the length of the chain of command

One focus of the ______ theory is that managers must use rigorous quantitative techniques in order to make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services.

management science

Customers may purchase goods and services from companies that use a(n) __________, when the companies use resources from the external environment and then transform them and bring them to market.

open system

The set of forces and conditions that are external to an organization's boundaries, but that affect a manager's ability to purchase and use resources is referred to as the ______ environment.

organizational

The type of formal, written instructions, or ______, detail actions to be taken when circumstances are different from what they are at present in order to achieve specific goals.

rules

When an employee acts in a specific way in a certain circumstance because of formal, written instructions, his or her behavior results from following ______.

rules

According to F.W. Taylor, ______ management is the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency.

scientific

When there are systematic relationships between people and tasks with the result being an improved work process with maximum efficiency, this exemplifies _______.

scientific management

______ focuses on matching people and tasks to maximize efficiency.

scientific management

A critical message of the contingency theory is that ______.

there is no one best way to organize

Standard operating procedures (SOPs), rules, and norms are important in a bureaucratic system because _____.

they guide performance by specifying the best ways to accomplish tasks

A system that takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers is a(n) ______ system.

to open

If a manager heaps praise on an employee for a job well done, and the employee's work continues to improve, what effect could this be attributed to?

Hawthorne

The organizational environment refers to how managers control their organization's relationship with its ______ environment.

external

What is the theory of management that examines how to create an organizational structure and control system that results in an organization that is highly efficient and effective?

administrative

According to the text, ______ is defined as the power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources. This gives managers the right to direct and control their subordinates' behavior to achieve organizational goals.

authority

Managers have the formal ______ to direct and control their subordinates' behavior to achieve organizational goals.

authority

The power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources is called ______.

authority

According to _______, it is the manager's responsibility to create a work setting that encourages employee commitment to organizational goals and gives employees opportunities to innovate and show initiative.

Theory Y

The term "______" was originally defined by Weber as a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

bureaucracy

_______ is a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

bureaucracy

The theory of _____ capabilities explains how companies must be stable enough to deliver value to customers yet resilient and flexible enough to shift focus when situations demand a different approach.

dynamic