Ch. 20-25 Music History Questions

"Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments" was written by

C.P.E. Bach

Which composer was known for writing in the empfindsam style?

C.P.E. Bach

___ church musicians employed the musical idioms of opera, such as orchestral accompaniments, da capo arias, accompanied recitatives, and choruses, to express the text and inspire listeners in worship services.

Catholic

Who invented the pianoforte?

Cristofori

"The Creation" was designed to be sung in which two languages?

English and German

The "Stabat Mater by ___ became one of the most popular and frequently printed musical works of the century.

G.B. Pergolesi

What is one reason that Singspiel became an important genre in Germany?

German playwrites translated and adapted English Ballad operas into German

"Introductory Essay on Composition" was written by

H.C. Koch

Harmony in the galant style

Has a slower harmonic rhythm that punctuates melodic segments

The musical example shown here demonstrates that (Ch. 21 #9)

Hasse wrote elegant melodies that allow singers to add a variety of ornaments

Where did Domenico Scarlatti spend most of his working life?

Iberian peninsula

Whose music served as a primary model for Mozart's piano concertos?

J.C. Bach

____ is one of the most famous and successful intermezzi.

La serva pardrona

Haydn began his career as

a choirboy at a cathedral

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of Italian comic opera in the mid-1700s?

complex harmonies

Which of the following is not true of reform opera?

composers used accompanied recitative and ensembles less frequently

In the 1700s, the Concert spiritual was a

concert series that fostered the development of the symphony

Which of the following Baroque genres remained in common use throughout the Classic period?

concerto

As a result of the founding in 1726 of the Academy of Ancient Music,

concerts of music from the past became increasingly popular

Which is a quality one would expect to hear in Classic-period music?

contrasting moods in a movement

The string quartet is often compared to a

conversation among friends

Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum was the primary source for what aspect of Haydn's music?

counterpoint

Mozart wrote three operas with which librettist?

da Ponte

What allowed for more possibilities of contrast in the new music of the eighteenth century?

differences in melodic and harmonic material according to its function in the form

Which best describes the political situation of eighteenth-century Europe?

dominated by centralized states with large militaries

What was the primary purpose of music for small string ensembles?

enjoyment of the performers

Beginning in the 1720s 1730s, composers of Italian operas began to use contrasting musical ideas within A and B sections of arias to

express a succession of moods

Songs of the late eighteenth century are infrequently performed today, yet they embody the ideals of the Enlightenment because they...

feature clear, direct melodies

What term refers to eighteenth-century pianos in order to distinguish them from their later counterparts?

fortepianos

The third movements of Mozart's piano concertos

frequently use rondo form

Most of William Billing's compostions were "plain tunes," but later collections included ____, pieces that open with a syllabic and homophonic section, feature a passage in free imitation, and close with voices again in homophony.

fuging tunes

Composers published many songs for home performance in different countries, reflecting the

growing interest in amateur music-making

Why did Jean-Jacques Rousseau praise Italian composers' emphasis on melody?

he believed that melody aroused sentiments in the soul

Why is Ludwig von Kochel significant?

he catalogued Mozart's compositions, and we still use his system today

How is the structure of Domenico Scarlatti's major-key sonata forms unusual?

he includes a short section in minor that emphasizes the arrival of the new key

Why has Haydn been called the Father of the Symphony?

he set standards and patterns that later composers emulated

Empfindsam and C.P.E. Bach were the primary sources for what aspects of Haydn's music

heightened sentiment, expression, variation

Which of the following characteristics shows the influence of vocal music on instrumental music?

homophonic texture

Where did the galant style originate?

in Italian operas

Which would not have been an effective way to advertise a public concert?

invitations

The second movement of a Haydn symphony

is gentler and slower than the first

The galant style became popular for all of the following reasons except

it focused more on counterpoint

Which eighteenth-century musical technique is a reaction against the complexity of Baroque music?

melodies in short phrases over spare accompaniment

New styles in the eighteenth-century placed musical focus on

melody

Possibly because of competition with his former student Pleyel, Haydn used ___ in his London works.

more melodious themes and novel effects or surprises

Gluck supervised the production of his operas and wanted singers, both soloists and the chorus, to

move more realistically and think of themselves as actors

If you were to attend a dramatic performance at a public theatre in the early 1700s that was sung throughout, had six or more singing characters, and had a contemporary plot centered around ordinary people, it would be an

opera buffa

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of German Lieder in the 1700s?

opportunity for virtuosic display

William Billings declared independence from normal rules of counterpoint, and wrote that he had devised a better set of rules. He often used

parallel octaves and fifths and open chords without thirds

Eighteenth-century public concerts programs show that who was more important than composers?

performers

When Mozart moved to Vienna, he earned money by doing all of the following except

performing as a singer

What instrument was the most common in homes during the mid- to late-eighteenth century?

piano

Your text compares the string quartet to what other activity?

playing cards

Which of these is not a way in which Sammartini's Symphony in F Major is typical of early symphonies?

premiered at a salon party

In an opera seria, action progresses through

recitative, either simple or accompanied

The middle movements of Mozart's piano concertos

reflect his experience as an opera composer

Which of the following is not a characteristic of empfindsam style?

regular phrases

Which is not and example of periodicity?

sequential repetition as a principal device

Of the following genres, which was considered music for background entertainment rather than concert music?

serenade

Congregations in New England were encouraged to read music, which led to the development of

singing schools

The "philosophes" of the Enlightenment were mainly

social reformers

A baryton is a

string instrument with a set of sympathetic strings

Which of the genres is not a predecessor of the symphony?

string quartet

Today Joseph Haydn is best remembered for his

string quartets and symphonies

What genre, popular with the Parisian public during the 1700s, combined virtuosic playing with orchestral sonorities?

symphonie concertante

Which genre was designed for composer-performers?

symphonie concertante

What was the most prestigious instrumental genre in the late eighteenth century?

symphony

Which aspect of intermezzi differs from opera serie?

they often parodied heroic characters and questioned social hierarchies

Why is the Esterhazy family important for Classic-era music?

they provided Haydn with job stability and skilled musicians

Why were serious plots more common in the opera comique in France in the later part of the eighteenth century?

they touched on social issues that arose during the years before and during the French Revolution

Judging from public concert advertisements, programs usually lasted about how long in the eighteenth century?

three hours

What instrument was not usually included in the late eighteenth-century symphony?

trombone

The galant style was the primary source for what aspect of Haydn's music?

tuneful melodies with paired, brief phrases

By the 1780s, Haydn had increased the orchestra he composed for from fourteen to ___ players.

twenty-five

If you were to hear an aria from a ballad opera, it probably would

use a familiar tune from a folk or popular song

In La serva padrona, why does Pergolesi use orchestrally accompanied recitative while Uberto debates whether to marry Serpina?

using a convention normally reserved for high drama increases the comic effect

Which of the following is not and example of the hierarchy of cadences?

weak cadences mark closing phrases

Haydn spent much of his career

working for a single noble family

The preface to the score of ____ explains the goals of operatic reformers in the mid-1700s

Alceste

Who was one of the first composers of African descent to achieve recognition in Europe?

Saint-Georges

Who was the first composer to consistently write symphonies with four movements?

Stamitz

"Is there an artist of the present day Untaught by thee to think, as well as play?" Burney's poem refers to what aspects of Haydn's musical style?

ability to write sophisticated music but also be witty and humerous

In a comic opera in the late 1700s, an act would most likely end with

all characters on stage, singing together

How did eighteenth-century musical values relate directly to central ideas of the Enlightenment?

an emphasis on the natural

This example appears to be (Ch. 21 #2)

and aria from an opera buffa

"Mezzo carattere" refers to

and opera from the 1700s that combines serious and comic styles

"The Creation" is

and oratorio by Haydn

Johann Joachim Quantz argued that ideal music

appealed to wide audiences because it blended nationalistic traits

Eighteenth-century philosophers argued that the sublime in music produces

awe and astonishment

What is the most common formal structure in the first movement of a sonata by Domenico Scarlatti?

balanced binary

What is the most common difference between balanced binary and rounded binary forms?

balanced binary repeats on the second half of the first section in the tonic at the end; rounded binary repeats the entire first section in the tonic

Why were keyboard sonatas and small string ensembles common in the eighteenth century?

being able to play the piano or stringed instrument was expected of members of the middle and upper classes

How were private concerts normally funded?

by aristocratic sponsors

Critics complained that Haydn's masses were too

cheerful

What was one result of music as a leisure activity?

the development of informed listeners

What contributed to the growing prestige of purely instrumental music?

the idea of music as a universal language

During the eighteenth century, musicians increasingly depended on whom for support?

the public

What was one economic change in the eighteenth century?

the urban middle class rose in numbers

The end of the eighteenth century saw a growing preference for opera in which language?

the vernacular

Public concerts usually attracted what kind of audience?

the well-to-do, because concert tickets were expensive