Ch 20 AP2

Which of the following represents a logical sequence of structures that contribute to the return of fluid into the blood via the lymphatic system?

Arteries, blood capillaries, lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

These cells populate the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles.

B lymphocytes

_________ can enter lymph capillaries.

Bacteria, Large proteins, and Interstitial fluid.

Which of the following would the body perceive as an antigen?

Bacteria, Virus, and Mismatched red blood cell.

The thymus is most active during ________.

Childhood

Why would removal of lymph vessels from the right axillary region cause edema in the right arm?

Excess blood plasma builds up in regions where there are no lymph vessels.

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs. (T/F)

False

Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart. (T/F)

False

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine. (T/F)

False

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs. (T/F)

False

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response. (T/F)

False

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node. (T/F)

False

Which of the following is a function only of the lymph nodes and not the other lymphoid organs?

Filter lymph

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is FALSE?

It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.

These highly specialized lymph capillaries are found in the intestinal mucosa.

Lacteals

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Which cell in the lymph node has an active role in filtering the lymph?

Macrophages

Plasma cells are concentrated in which portion of the lymph node?

Medulla

Isolated areas of lymphoid follicles found in the intestinal mucosa are called ________.

Peyer's patches

These cells are able to produce antibodies.

Plasma cells

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen?

Red pulp is where immune functions take place.

These cells produce the fiber stroma of the lymph organs.

Reticular cells

Which of the following lymphoid tissues removes defective red blood cells from the blood?

Spleen

Macrophages would most likely be found in this portion of the spleen.

Splenic cords

Which cells of the lymph node perform a surveillance role?

T cells

The thymus is important for:

T lymphocyte maturation

The blood testis barrier is to newly formed sperm cells as the blood thymus barrier is to ________.

T lymphocyte precursors

Which of the following contribute(s) to the flow of lymph through lymphatic vessels?

The milking action of skeletal muscle contraction, and Pressure changes in the thorax that result from breathing

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The thymus consists mainly of lymphoid tissue.

MALT would most likely be found here.

Throat

This organ ensures that the T lymphocytes are immunocompetent.

Thymus

This organ's stroma is composed of hormone-secreting epithelial cells.

Thymus

This is the simplest of the lymphoid organs.

Tonsil

These connective tissue strands divide lymph nodes into compartments.

Trabeculae

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph. (T/F)

True

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics. (T/F)

True

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system. (T/F)

True

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries. (T/F)

True

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself. (T/F)

True

Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments. (T/F)

True

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins. (T/F)

True

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body. (T/F)

True

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue. (T/F)

True

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. (T/F)

True

The most important of the secondary lymphoid organs in the body are the lymph nodes. (T/F)

True

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not DIRECTLY fight antigens. (T/F)

True

When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells. (T/F)

True

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels.

Trunks

What is a bubo?

an infected lymph node

The highest density of lymph nodes can be found ________.

at the locations where lymphatic collecting vessels converge

Red pulp of the spleen is most concerned with _______, while white pulp is most concerned with _________.

blood filtering; immunity

Which of the following is NOT a method that maintains lymph flow?

capillary smooth muscle contraction

Lymphatic vessels:

collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces

Lymphatic capillaries are present in ________.

digestive organs

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does NOT ________.

directly fight antigens

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

efferent lymphatic vessels

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

erythrocytes

Lymph tends to stall inside lymph nodes. This is due to:

fewer afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent lymphatic vessels

Flow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to ________.

fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it

Functions of the spleen include all of those below EXCEPT ________.

forming crypts that trap bacteria

Fluid enters the lymphatic system directly from the _________.

interstitial space

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

islets of Langerhans

All of the following statements are true of the spleen except:

it atrophies after puberty

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

lingual tonsils

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations EXCEPT the ________.

lower extremities

Once fluid enters the lymphatic system it is called ________.

lymph

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ________.

lymph nodes

Which cells are the main "warriors" of the immune system?

lymphocytes

Lymphatic capillaries owe their permeability to the presence of:

minivalves in their walls

The lymphatic capillaries are ________.

more permeable than blood capillaries

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ?

pancreas

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Large clusters of lymph nodes are found near the body surface in all of the following areas except the:

popliteal region.

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

Which of the following is NOT a normal component of lymph?

red blood cells

Lymphocytes can develop and mature in the ________.

red bone marrow

From the right leg, lymph moves in which order?

right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

right lymphatic duct

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Peyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the ________.

small intestine

Lymph transport involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.

smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

The ______ is the largest lymphoid organ.

spleen

The largest lymph organ in the human body is the _______.

spleen

All of the following statements are true of most lymph tissues except:

the B lymphocytes are able to secrete antigens into the blood.

Lymphatic capillaries are absent from:

the central nervous system, bones, and teeth

An advantage to having reticular connective tissue present in lymph nodes would be that:

the loose organization of reticular connective tissue provides niches for macrophages and lymphocytes, lymph filters through the nodes and is exposed to lymphocytes and macrophages, and lymphocytes cycle to various areas of the body and back to lymph nodes

The thoracic duct receives lymph from _________.

the upper left body, and the lower body

B cells are found in all of the following except:

thymus

The lymphoid organ that does not directly fight antigens is the _______.

thymus

Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age?

thymus

Which of the following does NOT contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

thymus

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ?

thymus

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________ that trap bacteria and particulate matter.

tonsillar crypts

Blind-ended crypts are found in the ________.

tonsils

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

transporting respiratory gases

Tonsils promote memory of pathogens by:

trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory