Ch. 3 Study Questions

What you plan to do

I (intervention)

Select the PICO component that is either missing or incomplete from this question: For a client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease, will antimicrobial therapy (minocycline HCI) with scaling and root planning, as compared to antimicrobial therapy alone, be more effective? a. P(present and complete; client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease) b. I(present and complete; antimicrobial therapy [minocycline HCI] with scaling and root planning) c. C(present and complete; antimicrobial therapy alone) d. O (incomplete, more effective in doing what should be specified [e.g., more effective in stopping the progression of attachment loss]) e. No component is missing/incomplete

O (incomplete, more effective in doing what should be specified

Alternative

O (outcome)

Which of the following components define evidence-based practice? A. Clinical judgment and expertise b. Client values/preferences C. Scientific research D. Both a and c E. Options a, b, and c

Options a, b, and c

Main concern or chief complaint

P (problem/population)

The second step in the EBDM process is a. finding the best evidence b. applying the results to client care c. asking a good clinical question d. evaluating the results e. critically appraising the evidence

finding the best evidence

Which of the following are true in regards to clinical practice guidelines? a. changes over time as new evidence evolves b. referred to as primary evidence c. incorporates the best available scientific evidence to support clinical practice d. incorporates evidence that is known about a topic in a subjective manner

incorporates the best available scientific evidence to support clinical practice

Which two PICO components provide the primary searching terms? a. Problem and outcome (primary focus is on the intervention treatment and comparison treatment) b. intervention and comparison c. intervention and outcome (partially correct; intervention needs to be compared with the comparison treatment to determine which might be more effective and appropriate) d. Comparison and outcome (partially correct; comparison needs to be compared with the intervention treatment to determine which might be more effective and appropriate) e. None of the above

intervention and comparison

All of the following statements are true regarding EBDM except one. Which one is the exception? a. is unique to medicine but not unique to dentistry b. requires new online searching and evaluation skills c. integrates research evidence with clinical expertise and client interest d. requires an understanding of research design

is unique to medicine but not unique to denistry

The highest level of evidence for evidence-based decision making is which of the following? a. in vitro (test tube) research b. case reports c. observational studies d. meta-analysis and systematic reviews

meta-analysis and systematic reviews

Types or research studies in which the researcher does not give a treatment, interventions, or provide an exposure include which of the following? a. observational research b. cohort studies c. randomized control trials d. case control studies

observational research

Being a good consumer of research literature means you a. understand what you are reading b. can identify the level of evidence c. know how much confidence you can put into the findings d. both a and c are correct e. options a, b, and c are correct

options a, b, and c are correct

Evidence sources that include original research, experimental research and observational studies are referred to as a. meta-analyses b. systemic reviews c. primary research d. secondary research

primary research

The AHA Guidelines on Prevention of Infective Endocaroditis changed most recently because of a. more people dying from dental procedures b. quality of evidence c. dental professionals not following the guidelines d. client compliance e. a change in medications available

quality of evidence

The type of research that provides the strongest evidence for demonstrating cause and effect is : a. case control studies b. cohort studies c. systematic reviews d. randomized controlled trials

randomized controlled trials

Evidence resources that include pre-appraisal or filtered research that is research on already conducted individual studies is referred to as: a. primary research b. secondary research c. formal research d. informal research

secondary

_____ results are unlikely to have occurred by chance

statistical significance

_____calculated as the probability related to chance or "p" value

statistical significance

_____thresholds are set at the point where the null hypothesis will be rejected

statistical significance

Which of the following can generate questions in practice? a. Client care issues b. Client clinical condition c. Clinical problems d. Clinician's interest e. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following describes a clinical practice guideline? a. Secondary evidence b. Incorporates scientific evidence from SRs and MAs c. A Panel of experts makes specific recommendations d. Intended to translate the research into practical applications e. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the key critical analysis questions should be answered first so that your time is used most efficiently? a.What are the results? b. Are the results of the study valid? c. Will the results help in caring for my client? d. Why was the study conducted? e. Was statistical significance found in analyizing the data?

Are the results of study valid?

EBDM is now possible due primarily to which factor(s)? a. Scientific databases b. compute access c. Information explosion d. Both a and b e. Both a and c

Both a and b

Which of the following organizations is solely dedicated to producing systematic reviews? a. American Academy of Pediatric Denistry b. American Academy of Periodontology c. American Dental Association d. Centers for Disease Control Prevention e. Cochrane Collaboration

Centers for Disease Control Prevention

Which of the following is a true statement? a. Evidence alone does not tell practitioners what to do b. All evidence is equal on the hierarchy c. The number of studies increase as you move up the hierarchy d. The clinical relevance of studies decreases as you move up the hierarchy e. None of the above are true statements

Evidence alone does not tell practitioners what to do

Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) a. considers evidence alone as sufficient to make a clinical decision b. Maintains that the use of current best evidence does not replace clinical expertise or input from the client c. Considers scientific evidence as the key component in the decision-making process D. Considers evidence only from randomized controlled trials

Maintains that the use of current best evidence does not replace clinical expertise or input from the client

Which of the following are considered Level 1 evidence? a. RCTs, systematic reviews, case reports b. Systematic reviews meta-analyses, cohort studies c. RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses d. RCTs, cohort studies, case control studies e. case series, case control studies, RCTs

RCTS, systematic reviews, meta-analyses

Which of the following distinguishes EBDM from traditional decision making? a. Client preferences or values b. Clinical circumstances c. Clinician's experience and judgment d. Scientific evidence e. All of the above

Scientific evidence

Benefits of using PubMed include: a. the clinical queries feature b. using evidence based filters to retrieve articles c. searching electronically across hundreds of journals at the same time d. finding relevant clinical evidence when it's needed e. all of the above

all of the above

Levels of evidence exists that there is a hierarchy of evidence avilable to guide clinical decision making. All of the following are implications of this hierarchy except one. Which one is the exception? a. as one moves up the hierarchy, the number of published studies increases b. not all evidence is equal c. research designs allow more control so that treatment outcomes differences are not due to chance d. more clinically relevant studies occur as one moves up the hierarchy

as one moves up the hierarchy, the number of published studies increases

The first step in the EBDM process is a. finding the best evidence b. applying the results to client care c. asking a good clinical question d. evaluating the results e. critically appraising the evidence

asking a good clinical question

Critical analysis requires that you understand? a. research design and level of evidence b. statistical and clinical significance c. formulating a PICO question d. both a and b e. both b and c

both a and b

Characteristics of secondary research include the following except: a. filtered, preappraised research b. meta-analyses c. systematic reviews d. case reports e. research on already conducted research

case reports

A well-constructed PICO question includes which of the following four parts? a. client problem, implementation, clinical context, outcome b. plan, implementation, clinician, outcome c. client problem, intervention, comparison, and outcome d. problem, client, intervention, outcome

client problem, intervention, comparison, and outcome

_____ not based on the comparison of numbers

clinical significance

_____determines the practical or clinical implications of data

clinical significance

The purpose of evidence-based decision making (EBDM) is to: a. emphasize new research findings b. close the gap between research and practice c. defer to clients' wishes d. use expert opinions e. do none of the above

close the gap between research and practice

Primary research includes all of the following except: a. experimental studies b. observational studies c. systematic reviews d. case control studies e. cohort studies

systematic reviews

Which of the PubMed clinical queries options finds citations such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, reviews of clinical trials, and consensus development conferences? a. clinical study categories: therapy and narrow scope b. clinical study categories: therapy and broad scope c. systematic reviews d. medical genetics searches e. both a and b

systemic reviews

Characteristics of experimental studies include: a. testing cause and effect b. describing already existing conditions c. testing potentially harmful substances d. both b and c e. options a, b, and c

testing cause and effect