CH 201 Final

Marie de France, Guigemar

"Guigemar" tells of a knight who has no interest in love until he is cursed by a magical deer who says he will never be healed until he finds a woman for whom he pines. Guigemar finds a magic boat that takes him across the sea, where he falls in love with a woman married to an oppressive lord. When the lord discovers their relationship, he banishes Guigemar, who leaves his lady behind and is heartbroken as a result. They are later reunited when the lady takes the magical boat to his land and Guigemar rescues her from the lord who finds her and keeps her captive.

The Lotus Sutra

(1) Provides summary of the Mahayana beliefsInfinite varietyThrough series of parables(2) teaches about the array of bodhisativasMost important =AvalokitesvaraVery different to achieve nirvana, but try to attain enlightenment

Central Asian images of the Buddha

-Portray Buddha since it was ideal for monarchs to create peaceful and orderly societies to facilitate Buddhist Dharma-Longmen Caves

Miracles of Guanyin

-perceiver of the world's sounds-bodhisattva of infinite compassion who helped all individuals at all times regardless of their status in life or their sins

Petrarch, First Letter to Marcus Tullius Cicero

Birth of humanism in Europe. Petrarch learned that Cicero was a corrupt politician through forgotten classical texts. He believed that it did not demean the truth of his work.

Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council

Canon 1: only one true God,Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, s one Universal Church of the faithfulCanon 10: food of the word of god is above all neccesaryCanon 15: clerics should obtain from drunkennessCanon 21: sins should be confessed once a year after the age of 14SUMS UP DEAS OF THE CHURCH

Confucius, Analects

Chinese teacher and scholar. His students and their students recorded many of ideas/concepts in the AnalectsMost influential thinker of Chinese history, was western version of Kongzi Analects"But the real value lies in drawing out its meaning. What can possibly be done with people who find pleasure in polite language but do not draw out its meaning, or who comply with model sayings but do not reform their ways"Take doing your utmost and making good on your word as your mainstay. Do not befriend anyone who is not as good as you areFocuses on the here and now not the future, looks to the past for guidance"Exemplary persons cherish their excellence; petty persons cherish their land. Exemplary persons cherish fairness, petty persons cherish the thought of gain"

The Qur'ān

Core religious manuscript for the Islamic FaithPreaches code of conduct for a proper life, importantly that Allah is the same God that the Christians and Jewish people worship.

Daodejing

Dao- the way or path. It can mean the path of good government, or it can mean the divine order that governs the universeFoundational text of the reading- aka Daoism and Laozi- contemporary of ConfuciusSpoke political messages: inequality and warfare, calls out Confucius and MonistsPeople should return back to the ideal societyActionWu Wei (non action)-every act we do must be natural. Act accordance to natural orderThe Dae (the way) natural and fundamental force of the universeWhen you do things, it needs to be in accordance of the Dao. the only way to do the Daw is by non actionLive in the momentA collection of poems written over the course of centuries that advocated living and governing through wuwei (nonaction). One of the foundational texts of Daoism

Images of Guanyin

Evolutionary phases to indicate shifts from Hellenistic and Gupta origins to Chinese traditions-Bronze Northern Wei Dynasty Guanyin--Hair and robe no longer represents the historical Buddha with wavy hair and contrapposto figure--Meditative position--Has a crown symbolic of the performance of miracles--Lower leg crossed-Ivory Ming Dynasty Guanyin--White-robe bodhisattva carrying child--"Giver of Children"--Feminine manifestation to entice women at the time whom were concerned with blessings for children

Inauguration of the Great Reform Era

Excerpt was about how to structure the country with bureaucrats and aldermen and implement taxes on farmers.

The Battle of Maldon

Fragmentary Anglo-Saxon epic poem that describes a failed battle against Scandinavian Vikings. Propaganda that illustrates Germanic valuesGermanic Heroic ValuesIn BritainGermanic migrations into EnglandBlending Latin and French language Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English PeopleShort heroic poem to survive from Anglo-Saxon EnglandMay have been written in late 10th or early 11th century in East Anglian regionDescribes events of the history of Battle of Maldon, which English force under the command of Byrhtnoth of Essex fought with Vikings who had been attacking the coast of southern England

Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People

Gregory the Great-sent letter to Bishop Mellitus-outlines his ideas for how to convert the Anglo-Saxons-adopt and absorb the beliefs of the pagans and turn their previous traditions towards Christianity and the worship of God

Capitularies

Guidelines Church and governmental conduct in Europe. 1st part is for converting and pacifying the Saxon people. Sets punishments for killing Christian Church officials, prohibits Saxons from gathering. As well as rules for the army (eg. Italians who did not serve must pay a certain amount), rules in different regions for priests (eg. excommunication must be for a good reason.)

The Evolution and Spread of Islam

Himyarite Kingdom (110-525) Judaism has a strong influence, combat Christianity.

Sedulius Scottus, On Christian Rulers

How Christian rulers should conduct themselves. Always acknowledges and honors God and the Church for giving him power. Keeps diligence in keeping his realm stable. Kings should be pious and wise.

The role of Bodhisativas in Mahayana Buddhism

Individuals were so enlightened that they could have achieved Nirvana but they were so filled with compassion for the suffering of people on earth, they decided to put on Nirvana to help others achieve enlightenment. Help individuals who are called upon them

Medieval Depictions of Rulers

Investiture were ceremoniously given ring and staff--Shows spiritual authority-Globus cruciger: Orb and cross--Symbolic of both secular and religious power-Purple is symbolic of royalty-Holy images--Idea that Emperor is God's agent on Earth

Daodejing idea of good government

It calls out Confucius and monists. people should return back to the ideal society, every act done must be natural, the only ways to do the Dao is by non action, live in the moment

Chinese influence on Japan

Japan had a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, but with Chinese influence they adopted agriculture and advanced metallurgy. Shinto began to develop during this time period which is unique because it lacks most features of a religious tradition. The belief is that nature of Japan are inhibit by Gods, called Kami. Shinto doesn't have a set group or religious texts as well as no set hierarchy

Government and Reform in Japan

Japan under the Yamato moved from a collection of warlords to a mere centralized country under the Emperor who was linked to the gods. During the Heian period, the Fujiwara clan pushed the country away from Chinese influence and the power of the emperor diminished

Korean Bodhisattvas

Maitreya: Promise of a future savior who would bring peace and prosperity and create an ideal situation where Buddhist Dharma can spread-Crossing of the legs like GuanyinPosition, movement of the body, and pensive look are all Korean characteristics

Dream of the Rood

Poem of a dream vision, Result of the policy of accommodation, a new form of Christianity is riddlic penitential, eschatalogical (thatis, concerned with death, judgement and the afterlife),and evangelical. It is the first dream-vision poem in English.The poet speaks in the first person to relate the vision, creating a sense of immediacy and urgency in thenarration. The precise nature of this vision is only gradually revealed, as in a riddle. When it is made known that syllic re treoui ('a more wonderful tree', line 4), this beam'wood', refers to the Saviour's tree, the immediacy of the text is increased by the startling poetic device of prosopopeia through which the inanimate object is brought to life and given a voice of its own. The Cross isChrist's retainer, serving its lord as a Germanic comitatusmember would serve; but it is also Christ'S bana ,'slayer' (line 66), a role that goes against all that the heroic code advocates.

Tang Taizong, Plan for an Emperor

Rules for a ruler influenced by Tang China. Forming a trustable council and then trusting them is key. Also recognized that the people are the origin of the state.

Prince Shōtoku, The Seventeen-Article Constitution

Ruling tips for leaders. Advice such as- employing your workforce during the the winter because fall-spring is when they are busy with agriculture.

Tang Dynasty Government and Society

Sought to solidify their rule over such a tract of massive lands by focusing on infracture projects and creating the Tang code. The Tang code was a set of laws influenced Confucianism and legalism that created punishment fro crimes and an equal field system to gather information on its citizens in order to properly distribute land, however there was never enough tax income to properly implement the code.

Robert of Rheims, Speech at the Council of Clermont

Speech about why the crusade is necessary. The Persians have raped and pillaged their way around that part of the world. Jerusalem is being held hostage, and it is of great significance to the the Christian faith.

Ibn Battuta, Travels

Talks about a trip to Africa and encounters with the Islamic faith. Talks about their relationships with their kings, the importance of prayer in society

Relationship between Church and State in Middle Ages

The Church established a hierarchy over Europe Bishops acted as the central religious authority of communities in post Roman Europe. When the Bishop of Rome was given authority over the west, the roman Catholic Church was formed. The church established monasteries across Europe to convert and exert influence through pious monks, and as Christianity spread westwards it began to absorb some of the traditions and stories of the Native German people.

Northern Wei Style Buddhas and Bodhisattvas

The Northern Wei people constructed giant buddha statues in the traditional east asian style (eyes, robes, and hair artistic styles). Some of these depictions were famous for being carvings into faces of rock.

Mozi, Mozi

The three criteria:"That there be a basis, that there be an origin, and that there be a use"It come in the conduct of government. These criteria are for a statementUniversal loveCh. 14 "If the world had universal mutual love, then states would not attack each other, houses would not bring disorder to each other, there would be no thieves and robbers, and rulers, ministers, fathers and sons could all be filial and loving." (universal love)Ch 15- "it arises through lack of mutual love. Nowadays, feudal lords know only to love their own states and not to love the states of others, so they have no qualms about mobilising their own state to attack another state""It can be changed by the methods of universal mutual love and exchange of mutual benefit"People would view othersHow to treat one another

Usama Ibn Munqidh, The Book of Contemplation

This book shows the duality of the Frankish crusaders and culture. Calling Frankish medicine both the worst and best that he'd ever seen.Also seems to be a guide for civilians in the middle east who were forced to interact with the French.

Daodejing Way of Life

When you do things they need to be in accordance with the Dao , the only way to do this is to do things naturally

The Evolution and Spread of Mahayana Buddhism

adopted by fringe kingdoms to the north fo china as a way to be culturally different, soon it spread to the mainland because the Chinese were so disillusioned with confucianism. Scholars were sent to India to translate the original texts and their translation interpretation made up Mahayana Buddhism

Tu Fu, Poems

are about the perils of being a soldier/commoner in China. The narrator goes off to war and comes back to find his family starving from over taxation despite a full harvest and his son dead of starvation. He comes back again to find his daughter married, and then at old age he wonders ponders on his life.

Government and Reform under Charlemagne

before Charlemagne, the Merovingian Kings utilized "mayors of the palace" and hereditary counts to run their countries. Charlemagne changed that by asserting his right to appoint his own educated and qualifying bishops who were loyal to the values of the church. he also encouraged the creation of religious and secular manuscripts, as well as the imitation of Roman Architectural styles

Mozi Way of life

believed in the selfishness of individuals, School of Philosophy founded by Mozi. Opposed to Confucius and his teachings, critiqued Confucius and advocated for universal love, taught how to treat one another.

Ethics and Morals according to Mozi

conforming to tradition does not make something moral. actions that objectively help society are morally good actions, that hurt it are morally bad. Rituals are a waste of time, energy needed to be focused on making the world a better place with universal love

Chinese influence on Korea

during the kingdom period states began to adopt Chinese philosophies. Kings built confucian style academics, modified their governments off of Chinese like law codes, and consumed Chinese Literature and culture. Buddhist monks began to enter the region. Unification in Korea happend because of Chinese influence as they began getting close to Japan they still kept their Social Hierarchy

Han Feizi idea of Good government

found Legalism, self-interests: human nature, shaped by socio economic condition. obey because they feared. ran on philosophy and education

The Transformation os Rome in the 400's-500's CE

four kingdoms. The Frankish kingdom in Gaul, what is today France. The kingdom of the Ostrogoths. There's the blue area, which is Italy and the Adriatic coast. The kingdom of the Visigoths in Spain. And the kingdoms of the Vandals in North Africa.-The Roman Empire splits in the fifth century, and there's a western half and an eastern half. The eastern half continues to survive without any sort of major invasion or major economic collapse.-Western Roman Empire in which it failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into numerous successor polities.-The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control; modern historians mention factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the Emperor, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. -Increasing pressure from "barbarians" outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse.-The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure.food shortages-floods-diseaseDiocletian did which of the following to stabilize Rome?He froze prices.He ended the devaluation of the currency.He established the Tetrarchy.

Ethics and morality according to Confucius

moral behavior is following tradition, these traditions can be changed to be compatible with new customs if they respect traditions. The Zhou ritual created peaceful orderly society

Islamic Way of Life

must live under the Sharia, they are not allowed to steal, lie, commit adultry, gamble, eat pork or drink alcohol.

The Transformation of China in the 300s-400s CE

northern wei dynasty-nomadic group of warriors-ket to success was asoption of buddhism-central asian traditions depicted in sculptures

Boccaccio, Introduction to the Decameron

plague-descriptions he gives of the disease are graphic-Instead of taking care of them, they abandon them.-Laws and morality crumble. Mothers and fathers wouldn't nurse their sick children.-Even dead bodies get no respect: no proper funerals anymore.-Even peasants lived like there was no tomorrow and let their fields and animals go untended.-Boccaccio focuses in on a little band of women surviving amid this misery.-Pampinea describes what we would now call PTSD: she feels nothing but anxiety and sees the faces of the dead grimacing at her.-Three men walk into the church

Han Feizi, Han Feizi

rom Legalism, the way of governingOne of the primary Legalists philosophers280-233 BCESelf interest: human nature. Shaped by socio economic conditionThe two handles: obey bc they fearedPhilosophy and educationDisagrees all philosophies and living in the past

Saints importance

saints were important sources of inspiration and told inspirational, heroic stories, their lives were good examples of temptation , resistance and evil and taught European Christians

Chaucer, The Prioress' Prologue and Tale

tale with many anti semitic overtones and undertones

Confucius idea of good government

the Analects, take doing utmost and making good on your word as your mainstay. Do not befriend someone who is not as good as you. Focuses on being present and not to the future, but also looks to the past for guidance.

Confucius Way of Life

the correct way of life in through the Dao which is caring for humanity. Focused on the here and now not the future. Practiced the Zhou ritual and conservation, caring for beings focused on human innovations, not concerned about finding the a divine solution to problems in china, look to the past, the Zhou, and other innovations.

Mozi idea of good government

there has to be a basis, an origin, and a us. Promotes universal love, how to treat one another, and how to view others