Ch 23 Lecture A&P

C. albuminuria

A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of mid-back pain. X-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder? A. pyuria B. hematuria C. albuminuria D. uremia E. phenylketonuria

D. the distal convoluted tubule.

Aldosterone acts on A. the proximal convoluted tubule. B. the medullary portion of the collecting duct. C. the descending limb of the nephron loop. D. the distal convoluted tubule. E. the glomerulus.

E. protein

In a healthy kidney, very little ___ is filtered by the glomerulus. A. amino acids B. electrolytes C. glucose D. vitamins E. protein

C. deaminating amino acids.

In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by A. secreting erythropoietin. B. secreting renin. C. deaminating amino acids. D. contributing to calcium homeostasis. E. producing uric acid.

E. angiotensin II

In response to a drop in overall blood pressure, ___ stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet. A. azotemia B. sodium chloride C. parathyroid hormone D. aldosterone E. angiotensin II

C. tubular fluid.

In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as A. plasma. B. glomerular filtrate. C. tubular fluid. D. renal filtrate. E. medullary filtrate.

c. glucose

Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except A. creatinine B. urobilin C. glucose D. ammonia E. magnesium

B. the myogenic mechanism

The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as what? A. renal autoregulation B. the myogenic mechanism C. tubuloglomerular feedback D. sympathetic control E. the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

A. glomerulus.

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the A. glomerulus. B. medulla. C. cortical radiate veins. D. peritubular capillaries. E. vasa recta.

A. the body's water volume is high.

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when A. the body's water volume is high. B. the body's pH is low. C. the output of antidiuretic hormone is high. D. the output of natriuretic peptides is high. E. a person is lost and deprived of drinking water.

A. urea

This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste. A. urea B. creatinine C. uric acid D. azotemia E. ammonia

B. juxtamedullary nephrons

Which are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla? A. cortical nephrons B. juxtamedullary nephrons C. collecting ducts D. proximal convoluted tubules E. distal convoluted tubules

D. They release waste into the bloodstream

Which is not a function of the kidneys? A. They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids. B. They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D. C. They help control blood pressure. D. They release waste into the bloodstream. E. They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.

A. detrusor

Which muscle is located in the bladder? A. detrusor B. distractor C. pubococcygeus D. corpus spongiosum E. corpus cavernosum

A. decreased urine volume

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone? A. decreased urine volume B. decreased urine molarity C. increased urine volume D. increased urine salinity E. increased urine acidity

B. collecting duct

Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system? A. urethra B. collecting duct C. ureter D. urinary bladder E. kidney

D. vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate? A. vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole B. a drop in oncotic pressure C. vasodilation of the afferent arteriole D. vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole E. an increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule

d. Norepinephrine

Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR, and urine volume? A. aldosterone B. antidiuretic hormone C. parathyroid hormone D. norepinephrine E. angiotensin II

B. the cardiovascular system

Which organ system does not excrete waste? A. the urinary system B. the cardiovascular system C. the integumentary system D. the digestive system E. the respiratory system

D. collecting duct

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through? A. glomerulus B. proximal convoluted tubule C. distal convoluted tubule D. collecting duct E. nephron loop

________ innervation of kidney while function _______ unknown

sympathetic; parasympathetic

A. the renal corpuscle. @

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by A. the renal corpuscle. B. the proximal convoluted tubule. C. the distal convoluted tubule. D. the glomerular capillaries. E. the collecting duct.

A. proximal convoluted tubules

Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the _________ of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption. A. proximal convoluted tubules B. distal convoluted tubules C. loops of Henle D. collecting ducts E. glomeruli

b. renal corpuscle

Blood plasma is filtered in A. the renal tubule. B. the renal corpuscle. C. the renal capsule. D. the renal column. E. the renal calyx.