CH 29.1-29.8 DSM
What is the "moment of conception"?
Fusion of the male and female pronuclei
During gestation, the primary compensatory adjustments include all of the following except ______________.
decreasing the respiratory rate and tidal volume
What is the correct sequence of stages in the process of delivering a baby
Dilation; expulsion; placental
Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta
FSH and LH
Which of the following is the term for aging, or growing old
Senescence
Fraternal, or dizygotic, twins result from
two oocytes being ovulated in one cycle
Which of the following does NOT happen during oocyte activation
The first cleavage is completed.
What event marks the onset of development
fertilization
Increases in GnRH, FSH, and LH mark the onset of which stage of development
puberty
In strict dominance, a dominant allele
will be expressed 100 percent of the time when paired with a recessive allele
Which of the following events is NOT part of oocyte activation
Fusion of the sperm pronucleus and egg pronucleus
The stretching of the myometrium is associated with a gradual increase in the
rates of spontaneous smooth muscle contractions
The first meiotic division
reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23
The first stage of labor, during which the cervix opens, is called
the dilation stage
What is the correct sequence of events going from the zygote to the fetus
Cleavage; implantation; placentation; embryogenesis
What is the difference between colostrum and breast milk
Colostrum has more protein and less fat than breast milk
Which of the following is not a reason why maternal blood volume increases during pregnancy
Decreased maternal PCO2
What are the criteria for a premature delivery
Delivery from 28 to 36 weeks
Which of the following enzymes are released from the acrosome of sperm
Hyaluronidase and acrosin
Which of the following is NOT a factor that opposes the calming effect of progesterone on uterine smooth muscle (the myometrium) and may lead to the onset of labor
Increasing relaxin levels
What is the term for a gene's position on a chromosome
Locus
Which of the following is NOT an effect of pregnancy on the mother
Maternal blood volume decreases
What is the hormone that causes milk ejection (let-down
oxytocin
If an allele is dominant, it will be expressed in the phenotype __________.
regardless of any conflicting instructions carried by the other allele
As identified by the Human Genome Project, the total number of protein-encoding genes in human DNA is
20,000 to 25,000
The normal chromosome complement of a typical somatic, or body, cell is
46
What is the meaning of the term gestation
all
Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on organ systems
An increase in peripheral blood flow
Which of the following statements is not related to differentiation
Changes in the DNA of the cell
Which of the following is the term for the events that occur during the first two months of development after fertilization
Embryological development
What is the medical specialty that focuses on the postnatal period from infancy through adolescence?
Pediatrics
What is the biggest change in the baby's cardiovascular system after birth
Separation of the pulmonary and systemic blood circuits
What is the type of inheritance in which the allele is found on the X chromosome and therefore most often affects males
Sex-linked inheritance
What is the fate of the cluster of cells in the blastocyst known as the inner cell mass
The cells will develop into the embryo.
The term inheritance refers to which of the following
The transfer of genetically determined characteristics from generation to generation
Why does a pregnant women experience breathing difficulty
The uterus infringes on the diaphragm.
What happens in the process of hatching
The zona pellucida is shed from the blastocyst
The normal male genotype is __________, and the normal female genotype is __________.
XY; XX
What prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing the secondary oocyte
Zonal inhibiting proteins
Embryogenesis is the process that establishes the foundation
all the major organ systems
The fusion of male and female pronuclei is termed
amphimixis
Gastrulation produces three germ layers. Which of the following is not one of those layers
blastocoele
A hollow ball of cells created by cleavage is called a
blastocyst
Which of the following forms the placenta
chorion
A sequence of cell divisions that begin after fertilization is called
cleavage
The first secretion produced by the mammary glands for the baby is
colostrum
The creation of different types of cells during the processes of development is called
differentiation
The most dangerous period in prenatal or postnatal life is the
first trimester
What is the study of inheritance called
genetics
What is the hormone that is produced by the placenta and stimulates the mother's ovaries to continue the production of progesterone
hCG
Which hormone is tested for in a pregnancy test?
hCG
Given that albinism is a recessive trait, if an albino mother and a normal father with the genotype AA have a child, that child will
have normal coloration
For a given trait, if the genotype is AA, the individual is __________.
homozygous dominant
For a given trait, if the genotype is aa, the individual is
homozygous recessive
In an ectopic pregnancy
implantation occurs somewhere other than within the uterus
Throughout embryonic and fetal development, metabolic wastes generated by the fetus are eliminated by their transfer to the
maternal circulation
The chorion develops from the
mesoderm and the trophoblast
Prostaglandins in the endometrium
stimulate smooth muscle contractions
The umbilical cord, or umbilical stalk, contains
the allantois, blood vessels, and yolk stalk
Exchange between the embryonic and the maternal circulations occurs by diffusion across the syncytial and cellular trophoblast layers via
the chorionic blood vessels
Alterations in genetic activity during development result from
the differences in the cytoplasmic compositions of individual cells
Fertilization usually occurs in the
uterine tube
The Extra-embryonic membranes that develop from the endoderm and the mesoderm are the
yolk sac and the amnion
Which of the following is the term for the developmental events events that occur between the ninth week and birth
Fetal development
What triggers the activation of the secondary oocyte
Fusion of the sperm and secondary oocyte membranes
How do gametes differ from ordinary somatic cells?
Gametes contain only half the normal number of chromosome
Germ-layer formation results from the process of
Gastrulation
What is the term that describes the existence of two different alleles for one gene?
Heterozygous
Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect on the mother's body during pregnancy
There is a decrease in folic acid needs
What is meant by the term dizygotic twins?
Two separate oocytes are ovulated and fertilized
What is the extra-embryonic membrane that gives rise to the urinary bladder
allantois
The term for what occurs when the blastocyst touches and grows into the endometrium is
implantation
Which systems that are relatively nonfunctional during the fetus' prenatal period must become functional at birth
the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems