CH 29.1-29.8 DSM

What is the "moment of conception"?

Fusion of the male and female pronuclei

During gestation, the primary compensatory adjustments include all of the following except ______________.

decreasing the respiratory rate and tidal volume

What is the correct sequence of stages in the process of delivering a baby

Dilation; expulsion; placental

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta

FSH and LH

Which of the following is the term for aging, or growing old

Senescence

Fraternal, or dizygotic, twins result from

two oocytes being ovulated in one cycle

Which of the following does NOT happen during oocyte activation

The first cleavage is completed.

What event marks the onset of development

fertilization

Increases in GnRH, FSH, and LH mark the onset of which stage of development

puberty

In strict dominance, a dominant allele

will be expressed 100 percent of the time when paired with a recessive allele

Which of the following events is NOT part of oocyte activation

Fusion of the sperm pronucleus and egg pronucleus

The stretching of the myometrium is associated with a gradual increase in the

rates of spontaneous smooth muscle contractions

The first meiotic division

reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23

The first stage of labor, during which the cervix opens, is called

the dilation stage

What is the correct sequence of events going from the zygote to the fetus

Cleavage; implantation; placentation; embryogenesis

What is the difference between colostrum and breast milk

Colostrum has more protein and less fat than breast milk

Which of the following is not a reason why maternal blood volume increases during pregnancy

Decreased maternal PCO2

What are the criteria for a premature delivery

Delivery from 28 to 36 weeks

Which of the following enzymes are released from the acrosome of sperm

Hyaluronidase and acrosin

Which of the following is NOT a factor that opposes the calming effect of progesterone on uterine smooth muscle (the myometrium) and may lead to the onset of labor

Increasing relaxin levels

What is the term for a gene's position on a chromosome

Locus

Which of the following is NOT an effect of pregnancy on the mother

Maternal blood volume decreases

What is the hormone that causes milk ejection (let-down

oxytocin

If an allele is dominant, it will be expressed in the phenotype __________.

regardless of any conflicting instructions carried by the other allele

As identified by the Human Genome Project, the total number of protein-encoding genes in human DNA is

20,000 to 25,000

The normal chromosome complement of a typical somatic, or body, cell is

46

What is the meaning of the term gestation

all

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on organ systems

An increase in peripheral blood flow

Which of the following statements is not related to differentiation

Changes in the DNA of the cell

Which of the following is the term for the events that occur during the first two months of development after fertilization

Embryological development

What is the medical specialty that focuses on the postnatal period from infancy through adolescence?

Pediatrics

What is the biggest change in the baby's cardiovascular system after birth

Separation of the pulmonary and systemic blood circuits

What is the type of inheritance in which the allele is found on the X chromosome and therefore most often affects males

Sex-linked inheritance

What is the fate of the cluster of cells in the blastocyst known as the inner cell mass

The cells will develop into the embryo.

The term inheritance refers to which of the following

The transfer of genetically determined characteristics from generation to generation

Why does a pregnant women experience breathing difficulty

The uterus infringes on the diaphragm.

What happens in the process of hatching

The zona pellucida is shed from the blastocyst

The normal male genotype is __________, and the normal female genotype is __________.

XY; XX

What prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing the secondary oocyte

Zonal inhibiting proteins

Embryogenesis is the process that establishes the foundation

all the major organ systems

The fusion of male and female pronuclei is termed

amphimixis

Gastrulation produces three germ layers. Which of the following is not one of those layers

blastocoele

A hollow ball of cells created by cleavage is called a

blastocyst

Which of the following forms the placenta

chorion

A sequence of cell divisions that begin after fertilization is called

cleavage

The first secretion produced by the mammary glands for the baby is

colostrum

The creation of different types of cells during the processes of development is called

differentiation

The most dangerous period in prenatal or postnatal life is the

first trimester

What is the study of inheritance called

genetics

What is the hormone that is produced by the placenta and stimulates the mother's ovaries to continue the production of progesterone

hCG

Which hormone is tested for in a pregnancy test?

hCG

Given that albinism is a recessive trait, if an albino mother and a normal father with the genotype AA have a child, that child will

have normal coloration

For a given trait, if the genotype is AA, the individual is __________.

homozygous dominant

For a given trait, if the genotype is aa, the individual is

homozygous recessive

In an ectopic pregnancy

implantation occurs somewhere other than within the uterus

Throughout embryonic and fetal development, metabolic wastes generated by the fetus are eliminated by their transfer to the

maternal circulation

The chorion develops from the

mesoderm and the trophoblast

Prostaglandins in the endometrium

stimulate smooth muscle contractions

The umbilical cord, or umbilical stalk, contains

the allantois, blood vessels, and yolk stalk

Exchange between the embryonic and the maternal circulations occurs by diffusion across the syncytial and cellular trophoblast layers via

the chorionic blood vessels

Alterations in genetic activity during development result from

the differences in the cytoplasmic compositions of individual cells

Fertilization usually occurs in the

uterine tube

The Extra-embryonic membranes that develop from the endoderm and the mesoderm are the

yolk sac and the amnion

Which of the following is the term for the developmental events events that occur between the ninth week and birth

Fetal development

What triggers the activation of the secondary oocyte

Fusion of the sperm and secondary oocyte membranes

How do gametes differ from ordinary somatic cells?

Gametes contain only half the normal number of chromosome

Germ-layer formation results from the process of

Gastrulation

What is the term that describes the existence of two different alleles for one gene?

Heterozygous

Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect on the mother's body during pregnancy

There is a decrease in folic acid needs

What is meant by the term dizygotic twins?

Two separate oocytes are ovulated and fertilized

What is the extra-embryonic membrane that gives rise to the urinary bladder

allantois

The term for what occurs when the blastocyst touches and grows into the endometrium is

implantation

Which systems that are relatively nonfunctional during the fetus' prenatal period must become functional at birth

the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems