Ch. 30 Lessons 1-3 Social Studies
What were the Camp David Peace Accords?
A peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt in March 1979. Carter negotiated it. First time an Arab nation recognized the legitimacy of Israel.
Define Human Rights and discuss the role it played in Carter's foreign policy.
Carter wanted to conduct all foreign policy decisions based on the issue of human rights: a belief that governments ought to respect the human dignity and liberties of their citizens.
What was Nixon's foreign policy goal as president?
Create peace and stability and ease cold war tensions.
What three laws did Nixon break as President and were exposed during the Watergate scandal?
Created a list of enemies and ordered the FBI and IRS to investigate them—claimed his opponents threatened the nation's security. Used campaign money to prevent information that might hurt his campaign from being leaked (aka bribery). Used campaign money to go after his Democratic foes.
How did the U.S. try to stop the spread of communism in Chile?
Cut off all aid to Chile when it became a communist country under Salvador Allende The CIA teamed up with wealthy Chileans to overthrow Allende and put a new dictator in power, Augusto Pinochet.
Jimmy Carter
Democrat
What was Nixon's policy of détente? Be sure to discuss his ideas about the "balance of power."
Détente=easing cold war tensions by working together, not against each other. Ultimately, ease cold war tensions by creating a balance of power between countries so that no one country was too powerful (and therefore threatening to others).
True or false : Jimmy Carters polices fixed the economy.
False
True/False: Unlike Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford's policies fixed the economy.
False.
How did Gerald Ford become President?
Ford was Speaker of the House (3rd in line to become president.) He became VP after the sitting VP had to resign due to accepting bribes and other corrupt activity. He became President when Nixon resigned.
What caused the economy to struggle under Nixon?
Foreign competition led to a decline in industry and manufacturing Inflation: rise in the price of goods (i.e. oil). Same good as before, but now it costs more money! i.e. milk was $.50, now it is $1.50. Slow economic growth High unemployment
Why did men break into the Democratic headquarters at the Watergate apartment complex in June 1972?
Goal: steal info about the Dem's plans and bug the headquarters with listening devices. If headquarters bugged, then they can get dirt on the candidates that Nixon could use against them in the election.
How did Nixon improve U.S. relations with the Soviet Union?
Goes to the Soviet Union (Moscow), engages in diplomacy, negotiating the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)—agree to trade and exchange scientific ideas and technology and limiting the number of certain types of missiles in their arsenals.
Why did Nixon get in trouble for the Watergate break in? He didn't order the break in, so why was he in trouble?
He ordered the cover up and lied about it! Lying is a big problem.
In 1947, the United Nations created the new state of _________________ in the Middle East.
Israel
Why did the Yom Kippur War happen in 1973 and how did it impact the United States? Be sure to discuss the results of the 6 Day War.
Israel seized land in Egypt, Syria, and Jordan in the 6 day war in 1967. In the Yom Kippur War, the Egyptians and Syrians attacked Israel in an effort to get that land back. Impacted the US because we supported Israel...in retaliation, the oil producing Arab countries of the Middle East placed an embargo on shipments of oil to the U.S., causing oil prices to rise dramatically.
Why were China and the Soviet Union so willing to ease cold war tensions now?
Nixon was smart—trying to drive a wedge between the two frenemies, which made the soviets jealous and willing to cooperate. Also, China and the Soviet Union wanted to trade with the US, soviets wanted our technology.
Who won the Election of 1972? Did Watergate occur before or after the election?
Nixon. The event happened before the election, but the fall out happened after the election.
How did Nixon try to fix the economy? Did it work? Mention his tight money policy?
None worked. Several different approaches: Cut spending + tight money policy, encouraging people to borrow less money by raising interest rates so that they would save money . Then he froze prices and wages, then he tried to increase spending without raising taxes, which resulted in a deficit.
What was Nixon's stance on Civil Rights?
Not supportive in some ways—opposed bussing. Supportive in others: promoted affirmative action: preference to minorities in jobs where they were previously excluded due to racial prejudices.
How did Arab nations react to the U.N.'s creation of the new state?
Not well—refused to recognize it as a legitimate nation, went to war immediately and have continued to fight on and off to this day.
What energy crisis did Carter face as president and how did he try to resolve it?
Oil prices high because we were dependent on the Middle East for oil and it created a trade deficit (meaning we imported more than we exported, means we are losing money). How to resolve it!? Carter's energy plan: create a department of energy to oversee energy policy and develop alternatives to oil and increase our domestic production of oil. Bill passed in Congress in 1978 did some of this.
How did Jimmy Carter win the election of 1976?
Painted Ford and the Republican Party as the party of government corruption and himself as moral and upstanding. Touted his outsider status. African American vote tipped the election in his favor.
What two controversial actions did Ford take as President soon after entering office?
Pardoned Nixon Gave amnesty to men who dodged the draft or deserted the army during the Vietnam War.
How did Nixon improve U.S. relations with China?
Plays nice with them—says he'd like to visit, then they invite the US Table Tennis Team to visit, and then Nixon goes to China too! There, they engage in diplomacy to create more ties between their countries—trade and contact.
Gerald Ford
Republican
Richard Nixon
Republican
Ronald Reagan
Republican
How did Nixon's New Federalism Plan attempt to reduce government spending and the power of the federal government?
Revenue sharing—give federal tax money to state and local government. Abolish Government programs established under Johnson's Great Society plan.
Who won the election of 1980?
Ronald Reagan
What was the Iran Hostage Crisis and how did it impact the presidential election of 1980?
When Iran overthrew its US backed Shah and installed an Islamic Fundamentalist as the Shah, students stormed the US embassy in Tehran and took 52 Americans hostage. Impacts the election because it made Carter look weak and ineffective—he could not negotiate the return of the hostages. Pretty embarrassing!
