Ch 30; Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

sepal

A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.

What is a radicle? What is its role during germination?

An embryonic root of a plant, it lets the plant to get nutrients from the soil

How is fertilization in flowering plants different from fertilization in other plant groups?

Angiosperms are unusual in that one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg and one sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid cell that develops into a nutrient-rich tissue that nourishes the growing embryo.

Describe the location and function of a microspore

Is in the anther which is haploid and undergo mitosis producing a haploid male gametophyte consisting of two cells; generative cell and tube cell

stamen

Male part of the flower consist of anther and filament

Which part of a flower develops into the seed?

Once pollination has occurred, the fertilized ovule develops into the seed.

Which term describes the male gametophytes of flowering plants? Microsporocytes Micropyle Pollen grains Megaspores

Pollen grains are the male gametophytes of flowering plants; they contain a generative cell that develops into sperm.

Explain how seeds promote survival of offspring in angiosperms.

Protect the embryo from harsh environment and let it germinate in the right condition, the seeds can be disperse farther away from the parent plant

What is the function of a flower?

Reproduction. Since the flowers are the reproductive organs of the plant, they mediate the joining of the sperm , contained within pollen, to the ovules contained in the ovary.

Which term describes the portion of a peach that can be eaten by humans?

The edible portion of a peach is the pericarp, or fruit wall, which is a protective structure that encloses the seed and aids in its dispersal.

carpel

The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary (one or more ovules).

Which structure formed by the male gametophyte allows sperm to reach the ovary of a flowering plant?

The pollen tube is formed after a pollen grain is transferred to a receptive stigma and germinates, forming a tube that grows down through the style to the ovary of a flowering plant.

What is an inflorescence?

a group of flowers tightly clustered together

Why is endosperm a genetically unique tissue?

because it is a triploid food storing tissue

difference between a complete and incomplete flower

complete flowers have all four basic floral organs which are sepals, carpel, stamen and petal while the incomplete lack of any of them.

anther

has chambers called microsporangia (pollen sacs) that produce pollen

Describe the location and function of a megaspore.

is in megasporangium, a spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into female gametophyte

define pollination and ways it can be transferred from one flower to another

is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma, it can be transfer by wind or by animals

petal

sterile and colorful part of the plant

Describe the unique reproductive strategy of the Ophrys orchid

the flowers emit chemicals with a scent similar to the one produce by sexually receptive female bee, also the color and shape may influence

double fertilization

the pollen grain consist of a tube cell and generative cell, after the pollen grain lands on a stigma, it absorbs water and germinates by producing a pollen tube, which grows between the cells of the style toward the ovary, the nucleus of the generative cell divides by mitosis and forms two sperms. In response to chemical attractants produced by the synergids, the tip of the pollen tube grows toward the micropyle. Its arrival initiates the death of one of the two synergids, thereby providing a passageway into the embryo sac for the 2 sperm that are discharged from the pollen tube, upon reaching the female gametophyte, one sperm fertilizes the egg, forming the zygote while the other sperm combines with the 2 polar nuclei forming s triploid nucleus in the center of the large central cell of the female gametophyte, this large cell will give rise to the endosperm a food storing tissue of the seed.

stigma

top of the style that captures pollen