Ch 31 notes

A patient who has developed kidney failure is discussing options with the physician for treatment. What does the nurse understand that kidney failure is associated with? A. A deficiency in circulating lymphocytes B. A deficiency in phosphorous C. Decreased amount of WBCs D. Increased amount of macrophages

A. A deficiency in circulating lymphocytes

An older adult patient who is postmenopausal informs the nurse that she believes she has developed another UTI. The nurse understands that postmenopausal females are at greater risk for UTIs. What risk factors do female patients in this age group have? Select all that apply A. Residual urine B. Urinary incontinence C. Estrogen deficiency D. Decreased function of the thyroid gland E. Dry mucous membranes of the vagina

A. Residual urine B. Urinary incontinence C. Estrogen deficiency

The nurse is obtaining a history from a patient with severe psoriasis. What question would be most important to ask this patient to determine a genetic predisposition? A. How did you know you developed this disease? B. Does anyone in your family have more than one autoimmune disease? C. How many children do you have? D. Does your spouse or significant other have an autoimmune disease?

B. Does anyone in your family have more than one autoimmune disease?

An older adult has developed a sacral pressure ulcer. What should the nurse assess in order to ensure adequate wound healing and prevent poor outcomes for this patient? Select all that apply A. The patient's ability to perform her own wound care B. Nutritional status C. Caloric intake D. Quality of food ingested E. The amount of carbohydrates the patient ingests

B. Nutritional status C. Caloric intake D. Quality of food ingested

A patient developed an infection while on vacation in Central America and is now taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol. What should the patient be monitored for when taking this drug? A. Eosinophilia B. Neutropenia C. Aplastic anemia D. Hypoprothrombinemia

C. Aplastic anemia

WBCs are primarily produced in the

bone marrow

The immune system is essentially composed of what 3 things?

bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, WBCs

Granulocytes, which fight invasion by releasing histamine, do not include:

lymphocytes

Primary cells responsible for recognizing foreign antigens are

lymphocytes

WBCs that function as phagocytes are

monocytes

Deficient immune system response that is congenital in origin would be classified as a

natural deficiency disorder

Leukocytes that arrive first at the site where inflammation occurs are

neutrophils

The body's first line of defense is the

phagocytic immune response

Antibodies are believed to be a type of

protein

T lymphocytes mature in the

thymus

A patient arrives at the clinic and informs the nurse that she has a sore throat as well as a fever. A rapid strep test returns a positive result and the patient is given a prescription for an antibiotic. How did the streptococcal organism gain access to the patient to cause this infection? A. Through the mucous membranes of the throat B. Through the skin C. Breathing in airborne dust D. From being outside in the cold weather and decreasing resistance

A. Through the mucous membranes of the throat

The nurse is caring for a patient in the hospital who is receiving a vitamin D supplement. What does the nurse understand is the importance if supplementation with this vitamin? Select all that apply A. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of common cancers B. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disease C. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of inflammatory disorders E. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of celiac disease

A. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of common cancers B. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disease D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of inflammatory disorders

A patient who suffered severe partial thickness burns to the face and trunk is at risk for depletion of essential proteins and immunoglobulins. The stressors associated with this patient's major injury have caused what immune process to occur? A. Cortisol is released from the adrenal cortex, which contributes to immunosuppression B. Circulating lymphocytes will cause lymph node enlargement and altered lymph drainage C. T lymphocytes are stimulated and produce antibodies D. With the help of macrophages, B-lymphocytes recognize the antigen of a foreign invader

D. With the help of macrophages, B-lymphocytes recognize the antigen of a foreign invader

The nurse is caring for a female patient who has an exacerbation of lupus erythematosus. What does the nurse understand is the reason that females tend to develop autoimmune disorders more frequently than men? A. Androgen tends to enhance immunity B. Estrogen tends to enhance immunity C. Testosterone tends to enhance immunity D. Leukocytes are increased in females

B. Estrogen tends to enhance immunity

The nurse is caring for an older adult patient hospitalized with celluitis of the right lower extremity. Why is it imperative that the nurse continually asses the physical and emotional status of the patient? A. Older patient are at risk of developing dementia B. The patient will not respond to the antibiotic treatment as well as a younger patient would C. Early recognition and management of factors influencing immune response may decrease morbidity and mortality D. Older adult patients develop depression and suicidal tendencies when they are faced with chronic illness

C. Early recognition and management of factors influencing immune response may decrease morbidity and mortality