Ch. 35 ACCUSH

Battle of Midway

Crucial naval battle of June 1942, in which US Admiral Chester Nimitz blocked the Japanese attempt to conquer a strategic island near Hawaii

Henry A. Wallace

FDR's liberal vice president during most of World War II, dumped from the ticket in 1944

A majority of women who worked in wartime factories stayed in the labor force after the war ended.

False

A substantial minority of Americans, particularly those of German, Japanese, and Italian descent, opposed American entry into World War II.

False

America's major strategic decision in World War II was to attack Japan first, while holding off Hitler's Germany until later.

False

American citizens at home had endure serious economic deprivations during World War II.

False

Franklin Roosevelt's death caused a period of hesitation in the Allied war effort and raised German hopes of a negotiated settlement of the war.

False

Liberal Democrats rallied to dump Vice President Henry Wallace from FDR's ticket in 1944 and replace him with Senator Harry S Truman.

False

The American strategy in the Pacific was to encircle Japan by flank movements from Burma and Alaska.

False

The Japanese navy established its domination of the Pacific sea-lanes in the 1942 battles of Coral Sea and Midway.

False

While their Soviet ally was still reeling from Hitler's invasion in the first years of the war, Britain and the United States bore the heaviest burden of Allied ground fighting and causalities.

False

Albert Einstein

German-born physicist who helped persuade Roosevelt to develop the atomic bomb

Teheran

Iranian capital where Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met to plan D-Day coordination with Russian strategy against Hitler in the East (June 6, 1944)

Hirohito

Japanese emperor who was allowed to stay on his throne, despite unconditional surrender policy

Thomas E. Dewey

Republican presidential nominee in 1944 who failed in his effort to deny FDR a fourth term

Battle of the Bulge

The December 1944 German offensive that marked Hitler's last chance to stop the Allied advance

Manhattan Project

The top-secret project to develop the atomic bomb

At the Teheran Conference in 1943, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt planned the D-Day invasion and developed the final strategy for winning the war.

True

By pushing for complete conquest and total destruction of the German government, the Allied policy of unconditional surrender guaranteed that Germany's economy and society would have to be rebuilt from the ground up after the war.

True

Government-run rationing and wage-price controls contributed to America's ability to meet the economic challenges of the war.

True

New sources of labor such as women and Mexican braceros helped overcome the human-resources shortage during World War II.

True

The United States modified its demand for unconditional surrender by allowing Japan to keep its emperor, Hirohito.

True

World War II stimulated massive black migration to the North and West and encouraged black demands for greater equality.

True

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

US ally who resisted Japanese advances in China during World War II

Philippines

US- owned Pacific archipelago seized by Japan in the early months of World War II

WAACS & WAVES

Women's units of the army and navy during World War II

Japanese

a US minority that was forced into concentration camps during World War II

War Production Board

a federal agency that coordinated the US industry and successfully mobilized the economy to produce vast quantities of military supplies

Winston Churchill

allied leader who met with FDR to plan strategy at Casablanca and Teheran

Dwight D.Eisenhower

commander of the Allied military assault against Hitler in North Africa and France

Douglas MacArthur

commander of the US Army in the Pacific during World War II, who fulfilled his promise to return to the Philippines

Chester W. Nimitz

commander of the US naval forces in the Pacific and brilliant strategist of the island-hopping campaign

Unconditional Surrender

controversial US-British demand on Germany and Japan that substituted for a second front

Bracero Program

government arrangement whereby substantial numbers of Mexican workers were temporarily brought into the United States to provide agricultural labor

A. Philip Randolph

head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters whose threatened march on Washington opened job opportunities for blacks during World War II

Harry S Truman

inconspicuous former senator form Missouri who was suddenly catapulted to national and world leadership on April 12, 1945

Henry J. Kaiser

leading American industrialist and shipbuilder during World War II

Casablanca

site of 1943 Roosevelt-Churchill conference in North Africa, at which the Big Two planned the invasion of Italy and further steps in the Pacific war

Rosie the Riveter

symbolic personification of female laborers who took factory jobs in order to sustain US production during World War II

Joseph Stalin

the allied leader who constantly pressured the United States and Britain to open a second front against Hitler

Fair Employment Practices Commissions

the federal agency established to guarantee opportunities for African American employment in World War II industries

Iwo Jima & Okinawa

the last two heavily defended Japanese islands conquered by the United States near the end of World War II in 1945

Erwin Rommel

top German general in North Africa whose advance was finally halted at El Alamein by British General Montgomery

John L. Lewis

tough head of the United Mine Workers, whose work stoppages precipitated antistrike laws