ch 4

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steps in production of protein

DNA transfers information to mRNA mRNA travels from nucleus to cytoplasm ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins

what is composed of prokaryotic cells

bacteria and archaea

a certain cell has a plasma membrane, ribosomes and a nucleoid region. this cell could be called a

bacterium.

lysosome in animal cell

breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes

hey are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, __________.

carry out photosynthesis

plant cells are surrounded by

cell wall

what rigid structure is found outside of the plasma membrane and surrounds bacterial cell

cell wall

what is the smallest entity that exhibits all characteristics of life

cells

basal bodies have the same structures as

centrioles

what are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not have

chloroplast, central vacuole and cell wall

what builds compounds

endoplasmic reticulum

what organelle compromises the endomembrane system of a cell

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome

which is part of the endomembrane system

er, golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vesicles. it manufactures processes and transports lipids and proteins.

major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are

eukaryotic cells have organelles and prokaryotic cells do not

what processes and packages proteins

golgi apparatus

what stores modifies and packages products

golgi apparatus

where is mitochondrion found

in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic animal cells

central dogma of genetics

is the steps in production of protein

what breaks compounds

lysosome

what organelle breaks down worn out organelles

lysosomes

where are digestive enzymes stored

lysosomes of the cell

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

what provides the cell with structural support

microfilaments are a component of cytoskeleton

what is a hollow rod that shapes and supports the cell

microtubules

where in a cell is ATP made

mitochondria

what organelle carries out cellular respiration

mitochondrion

golgi apparatus in plant cell

modifies and packages protein

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region. bacteria does not have a nucleus.

where is the DNA in a eukaryotic cell

nucleus

cell wall

only in plants

mitochondria the sites of cellular respiration are found in

plant and animal cells

ribosomes are found in

plant and animal cells

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

animal cells are surrounded by

plasma membrane

a nucleoid region indicates what

prokaryotes

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

what are the two main components of cell membranes

proteins and lipids

central vacuole in plant cell

regulates cytoplasm composition creates internal pressure and stores cell compounds

in bacterium where are proteins synthesized

ribosomes

primary sites of protein production in eukaryotic cell

ribosomes

what is the site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

what manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane

rough ER

how do smooth ER and rough ER differ

rough ER is covered by ribosomes. proteins are completed inside the rough ER

movement of protein through endomembrane system

rough ER, vesicle from ER, golgi apparatus, vesicle from golgi, plasma membrane

smooth ER in animal cell

site of lipid synthesis

where are lipids made in the cell

smooth ER

where is calcium stored

smooth ER

what is a human cell with a flagellum

sperm

nucleus in animal cell

stores genetic info of the cell

what is a function of central vacuole

storing compounds produced by the plant cell only

plant cell wall

strong protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

cytoskeleton

structural framework in a cell

fimbriae

surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface

nuclear envelope

the double membrane that encloses the nucleus

membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to

the endoplasmic reticulum.

what is the advantage of the extensive infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondria

to increase the surface area to maximize atp production

ribosome in animal cell

works with mRNA to synthesize proteins

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both _________

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both enclosed by two membranes. Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, and chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.

what is required for photosynthesis

chloroplasts which contain green pigment chlorophyll and enzymes

plant cells have two energy related organelles which are

chloroplasts which harnesses light energy to create sugars and mitochondria which breaks down sugars into ATP

chromatin

composed of DNA and protein

mitochondrion in animal cell

converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

mitochondrion in plant cell

converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is _____.

cytoplasm. it fills the area between nucleus and plasma membrane

what carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA. m stands for messenger of RNA

chloroplast in plant cell

makes food by converting light energy into chemical

what organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

mitochondrion. both in animal and plant cells.

the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is characterized by

molecules moving freely past eachother.

chloroplast only exists in

plant cell

to enter or leave a cell substances must pass through

plasma membrane

what is a selective barrier and regulates passes in and out of the cell

plasma membrane

what structure acts as a selective barrier regulating the traffic of materials in and out of the cell

plasma membrane

smooth ER

plays a role in detoxification and lipid synthesis

peroxisome

produces h202 as a by product

Which one of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

The cell becomes crowded with undegraded wastes.


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