Ch. 4

People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ________ sleep.

1

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

2

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep?

four

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.

jet lag

In a ____ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dreams content

lucid

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

Alcohol is considered a ____ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity

Depressant

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content

Sigmund Freud

Sleep apnea is defined by

episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

night terrors

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

parasomnias

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of _____ leg syndrome

restless

Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.

smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulant

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

evolutionary

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?

caffeine

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their _____ cycles are aligned with the outside world

circadian

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness