Endocrine System

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones

8

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH

The two hormones released by the posterior pituitary are

ADH and oxytocin

Too little secretion of cortisol causes

Addison's disease

This endocrine gland sits atop the kidneys. Its inner most portion releases the hormone epinephrine

Adrenal

Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone

Antidiuretic hormone

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

FSH and LH

A man has been told that he's not synthesizing enough FSH and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the current statement to explain the problem.

FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates increases in bone and muscle mass is

GH

Which of the following results from the overproduction of the thyroid hormone

Graves' disease

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is

LH

Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include

LH, FSH, ACTH, and TSH

Insensitivity of cells to insulin would result in

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce

aldosterone

The adrenal cortex produces the hormones

aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus

all are signs

Endocrine organs can be controlled by

all the above

Generally, the actions of hormones

all the above

Hormones can operate on the blank level of organization

all the above

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus

all the above

In response to stress, the concentration of epinephrine

and cortisol increases

All of the following are of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the suprarenal medulla

Generally the actions of hormones

are slow to react, longer lasting, and more widespread

Steroid Hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

Which of the following is not one of the major processes controlled by hormones

body coordination

The major target cells of growth hormones are

bones and skeletal muscles

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushings syndrome

bronze skin tones

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

Which hormone decrease the concentration of calcium ions in body fluids

calcitonin

Peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to

cortisol

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon

Insulin works as an antagonist to

glucagon

When blood glucose levels fall

glucagon is released

Cushing disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids

Blank are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues

hormones

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called

hormones

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as

hormones

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered blank when released into the bloodstream but blank when released in synapses

hormones/neurotransmitters

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

hypothalamus

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temp may be signs of

hypothyroidism

Insulin directly causes

increase in glucagon storage

Hyperthyroidism is associated with

increased BMR, increased oxygen consumption, and weight loss

Decreased blood calcium ion levels would result in

increased blood calcium levels

How is body weight correlated to thyroid levels

increased thyroid hormone causes the body to burn food at a faster rate, reducing the chance that calories from food will be stored as fat and lead to weight gain

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin

The element necessary in diet for proper thyroid function is

iodine

Thyroid hormone contains the element

iodine

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet

Cells can respond to blank hormones at a time

many

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep cycles is

melatonin

Which of the following is not a sign of diabetes mellitus

moon face

Negative feedback mechanisms regulate

most hormones

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

negative feedback

Most endocrine reflexes are controlled by

negative feedback

The hormone released from the suprarenal medulla is

none of the above

which hormones are produced by the parathyroid gland

only PTH

Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of

overproduction of growth hormone

Hormones that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is

oxytocin

This hormone stimulated uterine contractions during child birth and causes mild ejection in the lactating mother

oxytocin

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

pancreas

Which of the following organs secrete hormones

pancreas, liver, brain, suprarenal cortex, suprarenal medulla, thymus, ovary, testes, thyroid gland, pineal gland

What glands are these and which hormone is lacking

parathyroid gland/parathyroid hormone

Hyper secretion of this hormone results in loss of calcium from the bones and softening and spontaneous fractures of the bones

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

This gland is located in the cranial cavity and produces melatonin

pineal gland

What gland makes growth hormone

pituitary

The term used to describe excess production of urine

polyuria

Hormones released from this gland include ADH and Oxytocin

posterior pituitary

Preparation of the uterine lining for implantation results from stimulation by

progesterone

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

prolactin

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

release of oxytocin in response to uterine contractions

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes the release of

steroids by the suprarenal cortex

This endocrine gland lies outside the body cavities. It produces sex hormones

testes

The main hormone secreted by the male testes include

testosterone

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymph nodes is

thymosin

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the

thymus gland

This gland produces the hormone calcitonin

thyroid

This gland signals nearly all other body cells

thyroid

Thyroxin and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temp is

thyroxine

Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine

true

Cortisol suppresses release of ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary

true

Exocrine glands are considered ductless glands because they release their hormones into the blood or lymph

true

Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones

true

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus travels to the anterior pituitary through the blood of the portal circulation

true

The adrenal glands are smaller to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue

true

The adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary are both composed of nervous tissue

true

The glucocorticoids help the body handle long-term stress primarily by increasing blood glucose levels

true

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions

true

The target tissue of prolactin is the female breast

true

Insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus is also known as

type 1

Increased levels of hormone blank will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood

PTH

The pituitary hormone that increases metabolic activity in the most body cells is

TSH

The pituitary hormone that increases the metabolic activity in most body cells is

TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of the thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland

TSH

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

Hypo secretion of insulin or deficiency in insulin leads to

diabetes mellitus

hyposecretion of insulin, or a deficiency in insulin receptors leads to

diabetes mellitus

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the blank system

endocrine

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a blank organ

endocrine

Steroid hormones exert their actions by

entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of

epinephrine

When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaption syndrome is

epinephrine

Which of the following is not a steroid based hormone

epinephrine

Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone

epinephrine

Which of the following is not produced by the adrenal cortex

epinephrine

The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hypo secretion of insulin

false

The adrenal cortex is made up of neural tissue

false

The endocrine system is generally faster than the nervous system in coordinating the activities of body cells

false

Which of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive hormones

follicle-stimulating hormone