Endocrine System
The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones
8
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is
ACTH
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is
ADH
The two hormones released by the posterior pituitary are
ADH and oxytocin
Too little secretion of cortisol causes
Addison's disease
This endocrine gland sits atop the kidneys. Its inner most portion releases the hormone epinephrine
Adrenal
Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are
FSH and LH
A man has been told that he's not synthesizing enough FSH and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the current statement to explain the problem.
FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates increases in bone and muscle mass is
GH
Which of the following results from the overproduction of the thyroid hormone
Graves' disease
The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is
LH
Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include
LH, FSH, ACTH, and TSH
Insensitivity of cells to insulin would result in
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce
aldosterone
The adrenal cortex produces the hormones
aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens
Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus
all are signs
Endocrine organs can be controlled by
all the above
Generally, the actions of hormones
all the above
Hormones can operate on the blank level of organization
all the above
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus
all the above
In response to stress, the concentration of epinephrine
and cortisol increases
All of the following are of steroid hormones except that they
are produced by the suprarenal medulla
Generally the actions of hormones
are slow to react, longer lasting, and more widespread
Steroid Hormones
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
Which of the following is not one of the major processes controlled by hormones
body coordination
The major target cells of growth hormones are
bones and skeletal muscles
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushings syndrome
bronze skin tones
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
calcitonin
Which hormone decrease the concentration of calcium ions in body fluids
calcitonin
Peptide hormones are
composed of amino acids
Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to
cortisol
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
glucagon
Insulin works as an antagonist to
glucagon
When blood glucose levels fall
glucagon is released
Cushing disease results from an excess of
glucocorticoids
Blank are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
hormones
Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called
hormones
The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as
hormones
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered blank when released into the bloodstream but blank when released in synapses
hormones/neurotransmitters
Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temp may be signs of
hypothyroidism
Insulin directly causes
increase in glucagon storage
Hyperthyroidism is associated with
increased BMR, increased oxygen consumption, and weight loss
Decreased blood calcium ion levels would result in
increased blood calcium levels
How is body weight correlated to thyroid levels
increased thyroid hormone causes the body to burn food at a faster rate, reducing the chance that calories from food will be stored as fat and lead to weight gain
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
insulin
The element necessary in diet for proper thyroid function is
iodine
Thyroid hormone contains the element
iodine
The condition known as goiter can result from too
little iodine in the diet
Cells can respond to blank hormones at a time
many
The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep cycles is
melatonin
Which of the following is not a sign of diabetes mellitus
moon face
Negative feedback mechanisms regulate
most hormones
Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by
negative feedback
Most endocrine reflexes are controlled by
negative feedback
The hormone released from the suprarenal medulla is
none of the above
which hormones are produced by the parathyroid gland
only PTH
Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of
overproduction of growth hormone
Hormones that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is
oxytocin
This hormone stimulated uterine contractions during child birth and causes mild ejection in the lactating mother
oxytocin
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
pancreas
Which of the following organs secrete hormones
pancreas, liver, brain, suprarenal cortex, suprarenal medulla, thymus, ovary, testes, thyroid gland, pineal gland
What glands are these and which hormone is lacking
parathyroid gland/parathyroid hormone
Hyper secretion of this hormone results in loss of calcium from the bones and softening and spontaneous fractures of the bones
parathyroid hormone
The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is
parathyroid hormone
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
parathyroid hormone
Melatonin is produced by the
pineal gland
This gland is located in the cranial cavity and produces melatonin
pineal gland
What gland makes growth hormone
pituitary
The term used to describe excess production of urine
polyuria
Hormones released from this gland include ADH and Oxytocin
posterior pituitary
Preparation of the uterine lining for implantation results from stimulation by
progesterone
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
prolactin
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
release of oxytocin in response to uterine contractions
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes the release of
steroids by the suprarenal cortex
This endocrine gland lies outside the body cavities. It produces sex hormones
testes
The main hormone secreted by the male testes include
testosterone
The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymph nodes is
thymosin
Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the
thymus gland
This gland produces the hormone calcitonin
thyroid
This gland signals nearly all other body cells
thyroid
Thyroxin and calcitonin are secreted by the
thyroid gland
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temp is
thyroxine
Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine
true
Cortisol suppresses release of ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary
true
Exocrine glands are considered ductless glands because they release their hormones into the blood or lymph
true
Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones
true
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus travels to the anterior pituitary through the blood of the portal circulation
true
The adrenal glands are smaller to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue
true
The adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary are both composed of nervous tissue
true
The glucocorticoids help the body handle long-term stress primarily by increasing blood glucose levels
true
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions
true
The target tissue of prolactin is the female breast
true
Insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus is also known as
type 1
Increased levels of hormone blank will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood
PTH
The pituitary hormone that increases metabolic activity in the most body cells is
TSH
The pituitary hormone that increases the metabolic activity in most body cells is
TSH
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of the thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland
TSH
The primary function of ADH is to
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
Hypo secretion of insulin or deficiency in insulin leads to
diabetes mellitus
hyposecretion of insulin, or a deficiency in insulin receptors leads to
diabetes mellitus
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the blank system
endocrine
The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a blank organ
endocrine
Steroid hormones exert their actions by
entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of
epinephrine
When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaption syndrome is
epinephrine
Which of the following is not a steroid based hormone
epinephrine
Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone
epinephrine
Which of the following is not produced by the adrenal cortex
epinephrine
The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Diabetes insipidus is caused by hypo secretion of insulin
false
The adrenal cortex is made up of neural tissue
false
The endocrine system is generally faster than the nervous system in coordinating the activities of body cells
false
Which of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive hormones
follicle-stimulating hormone