Ch. 4, The Tissue Level of Organization

Which of the following is the best definition of inflammation? A defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues The secretion of histamine to increase blood flow to the injured area The stimulation of macrophages to defend injured tissue Pulling on the bones of the skeleton

A defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues

Which type of connective tissue forms a superficial layer between the skin and deeper structures and helps to loosely attach the skin to those deeper structures? Reticular tissue Adipose tissue Dense irregular connective tissue Areolar tissue

Areolar tissue

Which part of the neuron can send information to other cells? Cell body Nucleus Axon Dendrite

Axon

Which of the following is a fluid connective tissue? Areolar tissue Adipose tissue Blood Elastic tissue

Blood

What are the two fluid connective tissues found in the human body? Collagen and plasma Mucous and matrix Blood and lymph Ground substance and hyaluronic acid

Blood and lymph

Which statement is not true? The matrices of both cartilage and bone have collagen fibers but bone also has calcium salts in the matrix. Cartilage has no blood vessels running through it, whereas bone does. Both cartilage and bone remodel themselves continuously during life. The matrix of cartilage is flexible and the matrix of bone is rigid.

Both cartilage and bone remodel themselves continuously during life.

Which of the following increase with age? Bone density Repair and maintenance activities Cancer rates Tissue health and thickness

Cancer rates

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, striated, and has cells joined at intercalated discs? Dense regular Cardiac Smooth Skeletal

Cardiac

Which of the following is not a function of neuroglia cells? Performing phagocytosis Conducting electrical impulses to other cells Maintaining the physical structure of nervous tissue Providing nutrients to neurons

Conducting electrical impulses to other cells

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body? Muscle tissue Neural tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue

Connective tissue

Many changes occur to tissue structure as a result of aging. These changes include all but which one? Epithelial tissues get thinner. Cardiac muscle cells and neurons are lost and not replaced. Connective tissue production increases, causing wrinkles. Bone strength decreases.

Connective tissue production increases, causing wrinkles.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most connective tissues? Contain mostly cells Contain ground substance Contain fibers Contain mostly matrix

Contain mostly cells

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? Is avascular Forms glands Provides sensation Contains a matrix consisting of hyaline cartilage

Contains a matrix consisting of hyaline cartilage

Which type of tissue is composed of dense irregular connective tissue arranged in multiple layers in which the collagen fibers in one layer run in the same direction, while the fibers in other layers run in different directions? All the collagen fibers in one layer run in the same direction, while the fibers in other layers run in different directions. Serous membranes Superficial fascia Deep fascia Subserous fascia

Deep fascia

Which part of the neuron is the receptive part of the cell? Dendrite Axon Nucleus Cell body

Dendrite

Which type of cartilage is designed as a support but tolerates distortion and is found in the auricle, or external ear? Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Costal cartilage Elastic cartilage

Elastic cartilage

Which of the following characteristics is not true of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissues are avascular. Epithelial tissues have an exposed surface. The basal surface of all epithelial tissues is bound to a basement membrane. Epithelial tissue has an abundance of extracellular material.

Epithelial tissue has an abundance of extracellular material.

Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue? Epithelia provide physical protection. Epithelia produce specialized secretions. Epithelial tissues form a structural framework for organs. Epithelia control permeability.

Epithelial tissues form a structural framework for organs.

What are the three major types of cartilage found in the body? Collagen cartilage, reticular cartilage, and elastic cartilage Interstitial cartilage, appositional cartilage, and calcified cartilage Regular cartilage, irregular cartilage, and dense cartilage Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

What is the first response to tissue injury? Inflammation Fibrosis Necrosis Regeneration

Inflammation

The restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves which two related processes? Isolation and reconstruction Infection and immunization Inflammation and regeneration Necrosis and fibrosis

Inflammation and regeneration

What is an important difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes? Mucous membranes are in contact with the outside environment and serous membranes are not. Mucous membranes can secrete fluid whereas serous membranes do not. Serous membranes are supported by connective tissue whereas mucous membranes are not. Mucous membranes are linings or coverings whereas serous membranes are not.

Mucous membranes are in contact with the outside environment and serous membranes are not.

Which of these basic tissues is specialized for contraction? Nervous tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue

Muscle tissue

Which type of cell in nervous tissue has large cell body, dendrites, and an axon and can receive and conduct information? Neuron Neuroglial cell Fibroblast Astrocyte

Neuron

The release of histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces which of the following responses? Necrosis, fibrosis, and scarring Bleeding, clotting, and healing Hematoma, shivering, and retraction Redness, warmth, and swelling

Redness, warmth, and swelling

What is the primary function of a serous membrane? Reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces Establishing boundaries among internal organs Lining cavities that communicate with the exterior Providing nourishment and support to the body lining

Reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces

What is the structural classification of the sebaceous or oil glands in the skin? Simple coiled tubular Simple branched tubular Simple branched alveolar Compound alveolar

Simple branched alveolar

Which type of epithelium lines the kidney tubules? Stratified squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Transitional

Simple cuboidal

Which of the following epithelial tissues is a single layer of flat cells that function in absorption or diffusion? Simple squamous epithelium Transitional epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and contains large, multinucleated cells that can be up to 1 foot in length? Dense regular Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

Skeletal

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for producing body movement? Smooth muscle All three types can cause body movements. Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Which type of muscle tissue has small cells that are tapered on both ends, fat in the middle, and uninucleate? Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Striated voluntary muscle Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

What is the term given to an epithelial tissue with several layers of cells? Simple Columnar Squamous Stratified

Stratified

Considering the different layers of fascia, what is the proper order of these layers going from the outside of the body inward? Subserous, deep, superficial Superficial, subserous, deep Superficial, deep, subserous Subserous, superficial, deep

Superficial, deep, subserous

Referring to muscle tissue, what does the term involuntary mean? The body does not consciously cause the contraction of involuntary muscle. Only the cerebral cortex stimulates involuntary muscle tissue. There are no nerve cells connected to this muscle tissue. Some organ other than the brain stimulates this muscle tissue.

The body does not consciously cause the contraction of involuntary muscle.

Why are certain epithelial cells called pseudostratified columnar epithelium? Their nuclei are all located the same distance from the cell surface. They are stratified, and not all the cells contact the basal lamina. They are a mixture of cell types. They have a layered appearance even though all the cells contact the basal lamina.

They have a layered appearance even though all the cells contact the basal lamina.

What is meant by the term dense regular connective tissue? This tissue has reticular fibers forming a three- dimensional framework. This tissue has collagen fibers packed tightly together and aligned parallel to each other. This tissue has its fibers formed in an interwoven meshwork. This tissue has a collection of collagen and elastic fibers running in various directions.

This tissue has collagen fibers packed tightly together and aligned parallel to each other.

What is the major function of neurons in neural tissue? To provide a supporting framework for neural tissue To transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential To regulate the composition of the interstitial fluid To act as phagocytes that defend neural tissue

To transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential

Which serous membrane covers the outside of each lung? Visceral pleura Parietal pleura Visceral peritoneum Visceral pericardium

Visceral pleura

Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be ________ devoid of striations and spindle-shaped with a single nucleus subject to the activity of pacemaker cells, which establish contraction rate a foot or more in length, and each muscle cell contains hundreds of nuclei capable of division, unlike smooth muscle cells

a foot or more in length, and each muscle cell contains hundreds of nuclei

The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of __________ absorption and secretion digestion and circulation absorption, secretion, respiration, excretion, digestion, and circulation respiration and excretion

absorption and secretion

Milk production in the breasts occurs through ___________ secretion. tubular apocrine holocrine merocrine

apocrine

Cuboidal epithelial cells are tall and slender, and their nuclei are crowded into a narrow band close to the basement membrane are thin and flat consist of several layers of cells above the basement membrane are box-shaped, and their nuclei are near the center of each cell

are box-shaped, and their nuclei are near the center of each cell

Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue fibers that cover the surface of a muscle attach skeletal muscles to bones connect one bone to another bone surround organs such as skeletal muscle tissue

attach skeletal muscles to bones

Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue? capsule ligament tendon aponeurosis

capsule

Neural tissue is specialized to _________ provide structural support and fill internal spaces contract and produce movement line internal passageways and body cavities carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Supporting connective tissues found in the body are ___________ mast cells and adipocytes muscle and bone cartilage and bone collagen and myosin

cartilage and bone

Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that _________ surround muscle fibers connect one bone to another bone attach skeletal muscle to bones cover the surface of a muscle

connect one bone to another bone

Which of the following membranes is the skin? serous membrane mucous membrane synovial membrane cutaneous membrane

cutaneous membrane

Inflammation, in response to an injury or infection, protects the body in a number of ways. These protective mechanisms include all of the following except ____________ . decreased mast cell activity increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients increased phagocytosis removal of toxins and wastes

decreased mast cell activity

The capsules that surround most organs, such as the kidneys and the organs in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, are components of the __________ deep fascia subserous fascia subcutaneous layer superficial fascia

deep fascia

During a weight-loss program, when nutrients are scarce, adipocytes differentiate into mesenchymal cells tend to enlarge and eventually divide deflate like collapsing balloons are normally destroyed and disappear

deflate like collapsing balloons

Mucous membranes are found primarily in which of the following systems? skeletal, lymphatic, circulatory, and muscular digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary integumentary, lymphatic, nervous, and endocrine skeletal, muscular, endocrine, and circulatory

digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities? connective nervous epithelial muscle

epithelial

What are the four main tissue types found in the human body? epithelial, bone, muscle, and cartilage connective, muscle, nervous, and integument epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous muscle, connective, epithelial, and pleural

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce endocrine secretions only secretions released from goblet cells only exocrine secretions only exocrine or endocrine secretions

exocrine or endocrine secretions

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called cachexia carcinoma fibrosis remission

fibrosis

A type of junction between cells that allows the passage of small molecules and ions from cell to cell is a ___________ gap junction spot desmosome lumen tight junction

gap junction

Because epithelial tissues have a free edge, they must be anchored to the underlying basement membrane to prevent them from detaching. The junction that prevents this detachment is a(n) adhesion belt desmosome tight junction hemidesmosome

hemidesmosome

What is the term for the study of tissues? pathology neurology histology cytology

histology

The type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces and forms part of the nasal septum is __________ fibrocartilage elastic cartilage hyaline cartilage perichondrium

hyaline cartilage

In contrast to serous or mucous membranes, the cutaneous membrane has a specialized connective tissue, the lamina propria is thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry is lubricated by goblet cells found in the epithelium is thin, permeable to water, and usually moist

is thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry

Which type of gland would release its secretion through exocytosis with no harm to the glandular cell itself? apocrine holocrine merocrine sebaceous

merocrine

Which of the following membranes lines passageways and chambers, such as the digestive and respiratory tracts, that communicate with the body's exterior? serous membrane synovial membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane

mucous membrane

What is the name for bone cells found in the osseous tissue? osteocytes adipocytes chondrocytes leukocytes

osteocytes

What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body? plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph blood, urine, and saliva blood, water, and saliva spinal fluid, cytosol, and blood

plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph

The process in which damaged tissues are replaced or repaired so that normal function is restored is called ________ necrosis inflammation regeneration fibrosis

regeneration

The pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium are examples of serous membranes mucous membranes visceral cavities visceral organs

serous membranes

Which of the following is the most delicate epithelium, which allows for absorption and diffusion? stratified squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

A type of junction between cells that provides a strong connection that resists stretching and twisting is a tight junction hemidesmosome spot desmosome gap junction

spot desmosome

Classifications of epithelial cells according to their shape include pseudostratified, stratified, and columnar squamous, cuboidal, and columnar simple, squamous, and stratified simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

In regard to its structural and functional properties, skeletal muscle tissue can be considered nonstriated voluntary muscle striated voluntary muscle striated involuntary muscle nonstriated involuntary muscle

striated voluntary muscle

Which of the following is a layer of areolar tissue and fat that separates the skin from the underlying tissues and organs and is also known as the hypodermis? superficial fascia subserous fascia deep fascia cutaneous membrane

superficial fascia

A group of similar cells working together and performing specific functions is a(n) tissue organ system organism organ

tissue

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder? pseudostratified columnar epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium transitional epithelium

transitional epithelium