Ch 5

Information literacy is defined by the American Library Association in the following way:

"To be information literate an individual must recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively the information needed."

Listening

"the active process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages. It involves the ability to retain information, as well as to react empathically and/or appreciatively to spoken and/or nonverbal messages."

Active listening includes:

(1) listening carefully by using all available senses, (2) paraphrasing what we hear both mentally and verbally, (3) checking our understanding to ensure accuracy, and (4) providing feedback. Feedback consists of verbal and nonverbal responses to the speaker and the speaker's message.

USE VERBAL COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVELY

1. Invite additional comments 2. ask questions. 3. identify areas of agreement or common experience 4. vary verbal responses 5. provide clear verbal responses 6. use descriptive, non evaluative responses 7. provide affirmative and affirming statements 8. avoid complete silence 9. allow the other person the opportunity of a complete hearing.

lecture listening includes:

Find areas of interest in what you are listening to. Constantly look for how you can use the information. Remain open. Avoid the temptation to focus only on the lecturer's delivery; withhold evaluative judgments until the lecturer has finished; recognize your emotional triggers and avoid letting them distract you. Work at listening. Capitalize on your mind's ability to think faster than the lecturer can talk. Mentally summarize and review what has been said, mentally organize information, and find connections to what you already know or are currently learning. Avoid letting distractions distract. Monitor your attention and recognize when it is waning. If you are becoming distracted, refocus your attention on the lecturer. Listen for and note main ideas. Focus on the central themes of what is being presented, and make notes about those themes. Effective notes outlining the main ideas of a lecture can, in some cases, be more useful than pages of notes containing unorganized details.34

how to become better workplace listener

Plan for nuggets. As you take notes during a meeting, use a column on the right or left to jot down key takeaways or insights about what you learned. Consider the source. Recognize that the person you are listening to has a unique perspective or viewpoint. How is that perspective influencing what he or she is telling you and, by implication, how you should react? Slow down. Being empathic when listening to co-workers, customers, or clients takes time. Minimize distraction and take time to truly hear what they say. Keep yourself honest. Ask others to provide feedback on how well you listen when interacting with others in your workplace. Use that feedback to improve.30

lecture listening

The ability to listen to, mentally process, and recall lecture information.

Active listening

is "involved listening with a purpose."

Tinnitus

is a condition that results in a constant "ringing" in the ears.

a second-person observation

is a report of what another person observed

Short-term memory

is a temporary storage place for information

Empathic listening

is attempting to understand the perspective of the other person.

A first-person observation

is based on something that was personally sensed;

Long-term memory

is our permanent storage place for information, including but not limited to past experiences; language; values; knowledge; images of people; memories of sights, sounds, and smells; and even fantasies

Hearing

is simply the act of receiving sound

Source credibility

is the extent to which you perceive the speaker as competent and trustworthy.

automatic attention

is the instinctive focus we give to important things we experience in our surroundings

Working memory

is the part of our consciousness that interprets and assigns meaning to things we hear

Selective attention

is the sustained focus we give to things that are important.

Listening for enjoyment

occurs in situations that are relaxing, fun, pain reducing or emotionally stimulating.

Social media listening

occurs when an organization actively monitors and responds to messages on any type of social media platform

schemas

which are organizational "filing systems" for thoughts held in long-term memory.

critical listening

you challenge the speaker's message by evaluating its accuracy, meaningfulness, and utility.

lecture cues

— verbal or nonverbal signals that stress points or indicate transitions between ideas during a lecture.