Ch. 5

Name two differences between ceiling construction and floor construction.

A header is not required around the perimeter and a smaller size lumber is used in ceiling construction than in floor construc

For what is the HIDE command available in most CADD systems used?

CADD software with 3D modeling capability typically has a HIDE command to remove lines that would normally be hidden in the current view. These are the lines that would be drawn. s hidden lines in a 2D drawing. Hiding lines can help you visualize the 3D model.

11. Explain how you can double-check your accuracy on the partial dimensions on a drawing.

Draw the walls to the exact dimensions. To help locate walls accurately, use the offset function with an appropriate offset distance and pick on existing wall lines, or use construction aids such as reference planes. Remove construction geometry when it is no longer needed.

What information about stairs is included on a floor plan?

With hidden (dashed) lines.

Name at least two ergonomic accessories that can be used to improve a computer workstation.

wrist rests, ergonomically designed chairs, and back supports.

What are the two broad types of CAD software most often used for architectural drafting?

2D drafting systems like AutoCAD LT (also known as Autocad "Light"); 3D solid feature modelers like Architectural Desktop, Chief Architect, ArchiCAD, Alibre Design, VariCAD SolidWorks and SolidEdge; and high-end 3D hybrid

At what size should the room names be lettered on a floor plan?

3/16

What is the difference between a fillet and a round?'

A fillet is a smoothly fitted internal arc of a specified radius between two lines, arcs, or circles. A round is just like a fillet, except it is an exterior arc.

Explain the concept of layers in a CAD program.

A layer is a virtual piece of paper on which CADD objects are placed. All objects on all layers, or sheets of paper, are visible on top of each other. Layers can be turned on and off, resulting in the display of only those objects needed.

. What are primitives?

A primitive solid is a 'building block' that you can use to work with in 3D. Rather than extruding or revolving an object, AutoCAD has some basic 3D shape commands at your disposal. From these basic primitives, you can start building your 3D models.

Explain the term symbol library?

A symbol library is a drawing file that contains a collection of blocks or symbols that are typically related, such as plumbing symbols, electrical symbols, and landscaping symbols.

Define block and attribute.

Attribute is a great way of storing text information as part of blocks in AutoCAD drawings. ... For example, you can add an attribute to a door or window block of a drawing indicating its manufacturer's name, size or description. blocks are the collection of geometries that act as a single object and they can be used in a drawing repetitively.

1.What is the difference between CAD and CADD?

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computers (or workstations) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. erm CADD (for computer aided design and drafting) is also used. Its use in designing electronic systems is known as electronic design automation (EDA).

What is the purpose of dimensions on an architectural drawing?

Dimensions are added to a drawing to specify the exact length, width, diameter, location, or other measurement related to the objects in the drawing. Two of the most common architectural drawing sizes are 18" x 24" and 24" x 36", but you can also find them in 30" x 42" and 36" x "48" sizeExplain the concept of layers in a CAD program.

6. How is an archway commonly indicated on a floor plan?

Direction of flight, number of risers, and width of the stairs.

16. What is the purpose of drawing aids?

Drawing aids are designed to speed up the drawing process and, at the same time, maintain accuracy.

List three display control commands.

Drawing commands, editing commands, display control commands, dimensioning commands, and drawing aid commands.

What is ergonomics?

Ergonomics is the science of adapting the workstation to fit the needs of the drafter. Applying ergonomic principles results in a comfortable and efficient environment. There are many types of ergonomic accessories that may improve a computer workstation, including wrist rests, ergonomically designed chairs, and back supports.

explain the difference in dimensioning windows and doors in frame construction and in masonry construction.

In frame wall construction, windows and doors are dimensioned to their center. Nominal Door size is essentially the frame opening or frame size. For example when we refer to a 36" x 84" door or frame we are typically referring to the nominal size. When figuring for horizontal masonry dimensions including wall lengths, lengths of masonry between openings, or horizontal distance between vertical expansion joints, use the 4" modular rule and subtract 3/8" from the total

Briefly describe the purpose of each of the following commands. A. LINE B. POLYGON C. UNDO D. MIRROR E. CHAMFER F. ZOOM G. LEADER H. ORBIT

Leader: You can create a leader line from any point or feature in a drawing and control its appearance as you draw. Leaders can be straight line segments or smooth spline curves. The UNDO command reverses the last command. If the last command was ERASE, as an example, the objects that were deleted are restored. The POLYGON command automates the construction of a regular polygon. A regular polygon is an object with sides of equal length and equal included angles. The POLYGON command can create an object with three or more sides. A com- mon approach used in many CADD programs is to either inscribe the polygon within a circle or circumscribe it about a circle. The MIRROR command draws a mirror image of an existing object about a centerline. This command is especially useful when you are creating symmetrical objects. For example, if you draw one side of ornate scrollwork on a door, you can use the MIRROR command to refl ect the scrollwork to the other side of the door. The CHAMFER command is very similar to the FILLET command. However, instead of a curve, a straight line is placed between the chamfered lines. Just as with the FILLET command, the original lines are trimmed to meet the straight line The FILLET command is used to place fi fillets and rounds. After drawing the curve, the command trims the original objects to meet the curve perfectly. ZOOM may be the most- used display control command. Generally, it has several options that include zooming to the drawing limits or extents, dynamically zooming, and zooming to a specific magnification factor.' Line command, temporarily set the midpoint object snap, and pick the first end- point of the second line at the midpoint of the first line. ORBIT command that allows you to change the view dynamically

3. Identify the material indicated by the following material symbols in a section view.

Plaster,Structural Clay,Tile,Batt Insulation,Dimensional lumber,Common brick,Cast

Explain two reasons why program customization features are important to an experienced CADD user.

Program customization includes displaying and hiding menus or toolbars, modifying menus or toolbars, creating new menus or toolbars, and writing macros, commands, or "programs" By customizing the program to suit specific needs, the drafter can become highly efficient. In addition, program customization can help a CADD manager better standardize a department's drafting procedures.

What is the scale of most residential floor plans?

Residential floor plans are drawn in ¼" scale. That means that ¼ of an inch = 1 foot. The notation is ¼" = 1'-‐0". Kitchens and baths are drawn in ½" scale because the spaces are smaller and more accurate detail is needed.

2. Name five reasons for usingCADD.

Saves time and money, you can always go back to your copy or revisions, productivity( allows the drafter or designer to quickly develop and communicate ideas in a precise and professional), Flexibility (Once a design is complete, a drawing can be plotted at any scale and on different media, depending on the intended use), Uniformity ( Drawings produced on a CAD system possess a high degree of uniformity regardless of who makes the drawing), Quality (CADD makes it easy to ensure consistency in line thickness and pattern scales, and eliminates both smudged lines and sloppy lettering)

List the hardware components of a typical CAD system.

Schedule, Automation Renderings, Animation

What steel component is most often used for floor joists, wall studs, roof rafters, and ceiling joists in residential steel framing?

Structural C or C-section

10. Explain the difference in dimensioning exterior frame walls and solid masonry walls.

The actual thickness of an exterior frame wall with ½" insulation board, ½" drywall, and ⅝" siding on a 1-½" x 3-½" framing member(stud) is 5-⅛". However, an exterior frame wall may be represented as a nominal thickness of 6 on the floor plan. A typical exterior frame wall might be 5-3/32″ For example, to create a 2 × 4 frame wall with vinyl siding, define materials to create a wall consisting of 1/2″ siding, 3/4″ rigid foam insulation, 7/16″ plywood sheathing, 3-1/2″ stud, and 1/2″ gypsum board. This produces a wall measuring 5-11/16″ thick.

What is the acceptable range of moisture content for framing lumber?

The moisture content of the lumber should be between 15% and 19%

List at least five types of commands found in CADD programs.

These groups are file management commands ( File management commands allow you to begin, save, and open drawings), drawing commands, editing com- mands, display control commands, dimensioning commands, and drawing aid commands. '

In general, what do editing commands allow you to do?

They all work together to create a functioning accurate program, lines, circles, scaling, saving projects.

For what purpose are drywall studs used in steel frame structures?

They are used for nonbearing interior partitions.

Which properties must lumber used for wood framing have, and which species meet these criteria?

Wall framing lumber must have good rigidity and nail-holding properties, be free from warp, and be easy to work. Species that meet these criteria include Douglas fir, southern yellow pine, hemlock, spruce, and larch

What is a bubble diagram?

a freehand diagrammatic drawing created by architects and interior designers for space planning and organization during the design process' earlier stages.

List three items that can be generated automatically by many AEC-specific CAD programs.

can generate a window schedule that includes every window in the drawing, complete with its size, style, material, manufacturer, and any other attributes that you have defined. can automatically update or correct a schedule when an item on the drawing is changed. CADD programs can generate window and door schedules, kitchen cabinet schedules, plumbing fixture schedules, lighting fixture schedules, and other schedules, as well as various reports

9. Describe two methods of showing a dimension that is less than one foot

interior walls are dimensioned to the stud faces. Therefore, an automatic dimension to the stud face of an interior wall should produce a reasonable figure such as 6′-2″ or 12′-3″, but not 10′-1-7/16″. Exterior frame walls are usually dimensioned to the outside of the rough frame wall, which includes the weatherboard or rigid foam insulation on the outside of the studs, but not the siding or veneer. the location of these elements so that they complement the overall design, but also use location dimensions that are at least multiples of 1″

List five factors that affect the size of ceiling joists.

load to be supported, span, wood species, spacing, and grade of lumber.

12. Name three areas of a house that require special framing consideration.

openings for heating ducts, wall backing for fixtures, and extra support for the bathtub.

Name the five standard framing members used in conventional wood wall construction.

sole plates, top plates, studs, headers, and bracing.

What is the purpose of the trimmers (jack studs) and king studs used at window and door openings?

trimmers or jack studs help support the header over an opening in the wall. They are nailed to kings studs on either side of the opening fro additional support, reducing construction time.

. At what height above the floor is the section shown in a floor plan taken?

typically cut at a height of about 4 feet, The scale identifies the annotation scale used for dimensions and other annotations when plotting. This should typically be 1/4″ = 1′-0″ for the floor plan