Ch. 5 Basic Human Needs

hierarchy of needs

On this hierarchy or ladder, needs are ranked by their importance to the individual's survival.

Why must needs be met?

Primary needs: to maintain life. Secondary needs: to maintain quality of life

Sleep and Rest

Provide safe, comfortable, and quiet surroundings.

In the second level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs...

There are both physical and psychological needs.

self-actualized: "reached his or her full potential."

help clients obtain self-actualization by: -Assisting in achieving lower-level needs -Acknowledging accomplishments of the individual.

Individuals in pain

will not be concerned about personal appearance or relationships with others until pain is relieved.

self-esteem (self-image, self-respect)

• Promoting positive self-image after surgery -Rewarding and encouraging an individual's progress in rehabilitation -Allowing them to perform as much self-care as possible -Observing these clients for symptoms of regression, depression, or chemical dependency

Elimination of Waste Products

-Give an enema -catheterize the person -assist with dialysis

Food and Nutrients

-Help feed the client -monitor calorie counts -maintain alternative methods of nutrition: tube feeding, iv infusions

Water and Fluids

-Measure intake and output -weigh the client daily -observe intravenous infusion of fluids

First level needs= Physiologic Needs = Survival needs = Primary needs

-Oxygen -Water and Fluids -Food and Nutrients -Elimination of Waste ---Products -Sleep and Rest -Activity and Exercise -Sexual Gratification -Temperature regulation *without these a person will die.

Progression from physical needs to aesthetic needs:

-Physiological needs: food, water. -Safety needs: shelter, security. -Love needs: affection, relationships. -Esteem needs: well thought of by oneself as well as by others. -Self-actualization needs: learn, understands, create.

community has basic needs concerning the welfare of all its residents:

-Public healthcare measures (immunization programs) -Access to healthcare -Maintenance services (water and electricity) -Environmental concerns (pollution) -Safety (police and highways) -Emergency services (ambulances and paramedics)

Freedom from Harm

-Remove threats to the client's safety. -Take preventive measures. -Explain procedures, treatments, or medications. -Abuse: Report any suspected abuse in the clients.

People who are: -homeless -terminally ill -no source of income

-must find food and shelter not only for themselves, but for their children as well. -more concerned with meeting their primary rather than secondary needs.

Social needs

-third level of Maslow's hierarchy. -love, affection, and belonging -meet survival and security needs before they can address social needs.

Spiritual needs

-worship services -providing reading or video materials -contacting the client's clergy person or the chaplain of the healthcare facility.

aesthetic needs

After they meet their basic survival needs, people can progress to more complex needs (aesthetic needs). -safety -love -self-esteem

Sexual Gratification

Be aware of sexuality issues when care is given.

Shelter

Conduct comprehensive evaluation when interviewing clients to uncover the situation. Arrange for regular monitoring and preventive healthcare in the above situations.

Activity and Exercise

Encourage client to walk after surgery or teach to walk with crutches.

Oxygen

Evaluate the oxygenation status of the client.

Healthcare

Higher-level coping skills in relationship to planned vs unplanned healthcare -understanding the consequences of unplanned healthcare.

survival needs

Maslow defined the basic needs of all people as a progression from simple physical needs. -oxygen -food

Temperature Regulation

Assist the client to meet the need for temperature regulation. -high fever= monitor the client's temperature.

A nurse can help a client in meeting self-esteem needs by: a. assisting to get enough sleep b. explaining the procedures, treatments, or medications c. rewarding the client's progress d. feeding the client e. reporting signs of abuse

c. rewarding the client's progress. A nurse can help clients to regain positive self-esteem by encouraging independence and, consequently, rewarding progress.

Regression

focusing on a lower-level need that has already been fulfilled. -common in illness or injury