CH 5 DSM

The foundation technology for web services is XML, which stands for Extensible Markup Language. This language was developed in 1996 by the World Wide Web Consortium as a more powerful and flexible markup language than hypertext markup language (HTML) for web pages. Whereas HTML is limited to describing how data should be presented in the form of web pages, XML can perform presentation, communication, and storage of data. Which of the following refers to loosely coupled software components based on open Web standards that work with any application software and operating system?

Web services

New applications, mergers and acquisitions, and changes in business volume all affect computer workload and must be considered when planning hardware capacity. Which of the following best describes the term scalability?

When dealing with platform and infrastructure change, scalability refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down.

Instead of buying and installing software programs, subscribing companies rent the same functions from these services, with users paying on either a subscription or per-transaction basis. The scenario describes which kind of external software source?

A cloud-based software service

__________ can be used to determine how much to spend on IT infrastructure and where to make strategic infrastructure investments.

A competitive forces model

IT infrastructure today is composed of seven major components: Internet platforms, computer hardware platforms, operating systems platforms, enterprise software applications, networking/telecommunications, consultants and systems integrators, and data management and storage. IBM DB2, Oracle, SQL Server, Sybase, MySQL, Apache, and Hadoop are all examples of which component?

Data management and storage

An IT infrastructure includes investment in hardware, software, and services—such as consulting, education, and training—that are shared across the entire firm or across entire business units in the firm. _________ consists of a set of physical devices and software applications that are required to operate the entire enterprise.

IT infrastructure

The appearance of the IBM PC in 1981 is usually considered the beginning of the PC era because this machine was the first to be widely adopted by businesses. At first using the DOS operating system, a text-based command language, and later the Microsoft Windows operating system became the standard desktop personal computer. Which of the following has been a major threat to the Wintel dominance as a computer platform in recent years?

Increasing iPhone and Android device sales

There are four major themes in contemporary software platform evolution: Open source, software for the web, web services, and cloud services. __________ is an operating system- and hardware-independent programming language that is the leading interactive programming environment for the Web.

Java

According to the leading open source professional association, OpenSource.org, open source software is free and can be modified by users. __________ is an operating system created by the open source community.

Linux

Deals with the exponential decrease in the cost of storing data, stating that the number of kilobytes of data that can be stored on magnetic media for $1 roughly doubles every 15 months

Law of Mass Digital Storage

In 1965, the mainframe computer truly came into its own with the introduction of the IBM 360 series. The 360 was the first commercial computer that could provide time sharing, multitasking, and virtual memory in more advanced models. Which of the following stages of IT infrastructure evolution was a period of highly centralized computing under the control of professional programmers and system operators?

Mainframe era

IT infrastructure today is composed of seven major components: Internet platforms, computer hardware platforms, operating systems platforms, enterprise software applications, networking/telecommunications, consultants and systems integrators, and data management and storage. Which of the following are examples of an operating systems platform?

Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, MacOS, and Chrome

One way to reduce power requirements and hardware sprawl is to use more efficient and power-saving processors. Contemporary microprocessors now feature more than one processing cores on a single chip. Today you'll find PCs with dual-core, quad-core, six-core, and eight-core processors and servers with 16- and 32-core processors. Which of the following is a microprocessor to which two or more processing cores have been attached for enhanced performance?

Multicore processor

Which of the following statements best describes nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit.

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines cloud computing as being on-demand, ubiquitous, location-independent, elastic, and use based pricing. These clouds are either private or public. Which of the following types of cloud computing is owned and maintained by a cloud service provider and made available to the general public or an industry group?

Public cloud

Cloud computing has three different types of services: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Software as a service (SaaS), and Platform as a service (PaaS). Which of the following consist(s) of services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service?

Software as a service

Virtualization enables a single physical resource (such as a server or a storage device) to appear to the user as multiple logical resources. Which of the following best describes virtualization?

Virtualization organizes computing resources so that their use is not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location.

Cloud computing is a model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are virtualized resources. These "clouds" of computing resources can be accessed on an as-needed basis from any connected device and location. When firms and individuals obtain computing power and software as services over a network, including the Internet, rather than purchasing and installing the hardware and software on their own computers, it is called __________.

cloud computing

The total cost of ownership (TCO) includes costs for hardware, software, installation, training, support, maintenance, infrastructure, downtime, space and energy. When Samsung's smartphones overheated and caught on fire, the company had to recall 2.5 million devices. This example demonstrates the ________ component of the TCO model.

downtime