Ch 5 The Integumentary system

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

stratum basale

The pigment-producing cells of the epidermis are located in which layer?

stratum basale

Which of the following functions of the skin explains the skin's pink hue?

blood reservoir

Along with sweating, which other responses by skin assists with thermoregulation?

blood vessels near the skin can dilate, increasing blood flow and heat loss

Which might be due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the blood?

cyanosis

Which is the correct sequence of phases for deep wound healing?

inflammation, migration, proliferation, maturation

Which type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

keratinized stratified squamous

Which is the most abundant cell in the epidermis?

keratinocytes

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

melanin

Which of the following is not a correct statement about melanin? -granules of melanin are produced and exported by melanocytes -melanin granules are the source of skin pigmentation -melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin -melanin pigment protects DNA from damaging UV light -melanin granules are taken up by keratinocytes

melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin

Which feature(s) of the skin protect(s) us against microbes such as bacteria?

-The many layers of keratinized cells form a barrier against microbes -Sebum contains compounds which kill bacteria -Sweat has an acidic pH which suppresses microbial growth -Langerhans cells can alert the immune system should microbes invade

Which of the below structures responds by sweating when the body is overheated (thermoregulation)?

Eccrine sweat gland

True or False Differences in skin pigmentation are due to the number of melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin. People with darker skin have many more melanocytes than people with paler skin.

False

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

As newly formed cells of the stratum basale are pushed to the surface, they accumulate keratin and undergo apoptosis. This process is referred to as _______.

Keratinization

About 90% of the cells of the epidermis are of which type?

Keratinocytes

True or False Wounds that only damage the epidermis won't bleed because the epidermis is avascular.

True

True or False Examination of the nail beds and gums of the mouth are diagnostic tools for anemia in dark skinned individuals.

True

True or False In addition to a thicker stratum corneum and the presence of a stratum lucidum, the thick skin of the palms and fingertips of the hands and of the soles of the feet have a denser array of sense receptors than thinner skin found elsewhere on the body, and also is hairless.

True

True or False In deep wound healing, an injury has penetrated through to the dermis or even the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer). In this type of wound, the healing process will leave a scar and could involve a loss of some functionality of the area of the wound.

True

True or False Stimulation of neurons in the skin gives rise to tactile sensations, thermal sensations, and pain.

True

When an epidermal wound begins the healing process, basal cells migrate away from the basement membrane, enlarge, and migrate to fill in the wounded area. As these cells migrate from different sides of the wound, and reach each other, they stop migrating. This process is called __________.

contact inhibition

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

dermis.

The alternate name for the stratum basale, the stratum __________, suggests its role in forming new cells.

germinativum

Which layer has stem cells that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes?

stratum basale

Which epidermal layer marks the transition between metabolically active cells of lower layers and the dead layers of keratinocytes of the upper layers.

stratum granulosum

This skin layer is only present in places subjected to high levels of mechanical wear-and-tear, and provide an additional protective layer where it occurs, such as in the soles of the feet, palms, and fingertips.

stratum lucidum

Langerhans cells are part of the skin's immune defenses and activate other immune cells when the skin is invaded by microbes. Which layer of the epidermis contains Langerhans cells?

stratum spinosum