Ch 5,6,7,8 quiz MGMT
___ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.
A-type conflict
The _____ is a portfolio strategy that managers use to categorize their corporation's businesses by growth rate and relative market share. This strategy helps them to decide how to invest corporate funds.
BCG matrix
According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.
Change forces
___ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.
Character of the rivalry
It is appropriate to use a(n) ______ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design.
Compression
The ______ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation
Compression
A(n) ______ is a agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country.
Cooperative contract
A technology _______ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it's replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.
Cycle
____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.
Decision Making
In _______, the older technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design
Design competition
Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?
Design competition
Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?
Design lockout
____ is the rivalry between two companies that offer similar products and services, acknowledge each other as rivals, and act and react to each other's strategic actions.
Direct competition
______ is a method in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country
Direct foreign investment
______ is phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition
Discontinuous change
The most important factor in an attractive business climate is the _____.
Easy access to growing markets
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT):
Eliminated tariffs in 10 specific industries
Organizational development ______.
Emphasizes employee participation is diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems
The ______ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment
Experiential
______ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries
Exporting
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the phase model of globalization?
Exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates
According to Hofstede's research on cultural dimensions, _____ cultures emphasize the importance of relationships, modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life.
Feminine
Hofstede's research has shown that there are ______.
Five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries
_______ are two kinds of cooperative contracts
Franchising and licensing
Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?
Gathering and providing performance feedback
Which of the following is an example of a common approach to corporate-level strategy?
Grand strategies
When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduce their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the ______ stage of the technology cycle
Incremental change
Organizational ______ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.
Innovation
Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year
Innovation streams
Global business:
Is the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries
Which of the following is an advantage of planning?
It encourages people to work harder for extended periods.
Which of the following is true about planning?
It helps managers create task strategies.
Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true
It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust
Which of the following is true of global business?
It is the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries
A _____ is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company
Joint venture
An expatriate is someone who ______.
Lives and works outside his or her own country
Who among the following is responsible for developing operational plans?
Lower-level managers
Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline?
Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent
Who among the following is responsible for the creation of tactical plans?
Middle Managers
_____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behaviors of the people from a particular country.
National culture
_____ planning allows companies to maintain flexibility by making small simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.
Options-based
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?
Organizational Impediments
When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in ______ .
Organizational decline
Most companies have used the ______ to successfully enter foreign markets.
Phase model of globalization
The first step in the compression approach to innovation is ______.
Planning
____ are types of standing plans.
Policies and Procedures
_____ is associated with the risk of major changes in governmental regimes the can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential events.
Political uncertainty
____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions.
Rational decision making
Managing global joint ventures can be difficult because they:
Represent a merging of four cultures
______ are the assets, capabilities, processes, information, and knowledge that an organization uses to improve its effectiveness and efficiency, to create and sustain competitive advantage, and to fulfill a need or solve a problem.
Resources
Which of the following is the most specific type of standing plan?
Rules and Regulations
Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical _____ pattern of innovation
S-curve
____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative.
Satisficing
Which of the following should be a key issue for a company once it decides to go global?
Strike the right balance between global consistency & local adaption
6. ______ are long-term, low-interest, cash grants, and tax deductions used to developed and protect companies in special industries
Subsidies
_____ plans specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.
Tactical
A(n) ______ is a direct tax on imported goods.
Tariff
The two general kinds of trade barriers are ______.
Tariff barriers and nontariff barriers
The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with:
Technological discontinuity
______ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies
Technological substitution
______ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs
Technology
Which of the following is a common factor of global new ventures?
The development and communication of a company's global vision from inception by the founders
Which of the following is an example of core capabilities of an organization?
The organization's skill in maintaining large inventories effectively.
______ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment
The willingness of a expatriate's spouse and family to adjust to a foreign culture
The term ______ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.
Uncertainty avoidance
The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change is outlined by Kurt Lewin are _____.
Unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing
Clive Motor Company solely owns and operates manufacturing plants in Brazil, Chile, Germany, and India. Which of the following methods for conducting global business has Clive Motor Company used in this example?
Wholly owned affiliate
A(n) _____ strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question "How should we compete in this line of business?"
industry level
A technology can become a dominate design if:
it solves a practical problem
The last step in effective planning is to _____.
maintain flexibility in planning
Resource similarity and _____ are factors that determine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.
market commonality
According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____.
measurable
Budgets are a type of ____ plans.
operational
A(n) _____ is a brief, two-sentence statement of a company's purpose for existing.
organizational mission
Which of the following is NOT one of the five industry forces that determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability?
organizational synergy
A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).
problem
A company that is seeking to grow by taking risks and looking for innovations is best characterized as a(n) _____.
prospector
A _____ resource is a resource that is not controlled or possessed by many competing firms.
rare
A laptop manufacturer has created a set of methods to deal with specific technical issues raised by customers. These methods are _____.
standing plans
_____ is a discrepancy between a company's intended strategy and the strategic actions managers take when actually implementing that strategy.
strategic dissonance
Top management is responsible for developing ____.
strategic plans
Management by objectives (MBO) is a management technique often used to develop and carry out.
tactical plans
The strategy-making process begins with:
the assessment of the need for strategic change.
___ strategies typically work in market niches that competitors have overlooked or have difficulty serving.
focus
The purpose of a _____ strategy is to increase profits, revenues, market share, or the number of places (stores, offices, locations) in which the company does business.
growth
Groupthink occurs in ____.
highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other
_____ is defined as the purchase of a company by another company.
acquistion
An industry-level strategy that is best suited to changes in the organization's external environment is a(n)_____ strategy.
adaptive
Organizations can achieve a _____ by using their resources to provide greater value for customers than competitors can.
competitive advantage
_____ are the central companies in a strategic group.
core firms
______ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged
creative work environments
Which of the following is the first step in management by objectives?
discussing possible goals
____ is a strategy for reducing risk by buying a variety of items so that the failure of one stock or one business does not doom the entire portfolio.
diversification
The most popular approach to increasing goal commitment is ____
encouraging workers' participation in goal setting
____ consists of the strategic actions that a company takes to return to a growth strategy.
recovery
The research on diversification in portfolio management indicates that the best approach is probably _____.
related diversification
In the context of the strategic reference point theory, the _____ strategy aims to protect an existing competitive advantage.
risk-avoiding
A _____ is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment.
situational analysis
Companies often choose a _____ strategy when their external environment doesn't change much or after they have struggled with periods of explosive growth.
stability
The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.
standing plan