Ch 5,6,7,8 quiz MGMT

___ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

A-type conflict

The _____ is a portfolio strategy that managers use to categorize their corporation's businesses by growth rate and relative market share. This strategy helps them to decide how to invest corporate funds.

BCG matrix

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

Change forces

___ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.

Character of the rivalry

It is appropriate to use a(n) ______ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design.

Compression

The ______ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation

Compression

A(n) ______ is a agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country.

Cooperative contract

A technology _______ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it's replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

Cycle

____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.

Decision Making

In _______, the older technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design

Design competition

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?

Design competition

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?

Design lockout

____ is the rivalry between two companies that offer similar products and services, acknowledge each other as rivals, and act and react to each other's strategic actions.

Direct competition

______ is a method in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country

Direct foreign investment

______ is phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition

Discontinuous change

The most important factor in an attractive business climate is the _____.

Easy access to growing markets

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT):

Eliminated tariffs in 10 specific industries

Organizational development ______.

Emphasizes employee participation is diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems

The ______ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment

Experiential

______ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries

Exporting

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the phase model of globalization?

Exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates

According to Hofstede's research on cultural dimensions, _____ cultures emphasize the importance of relationships, modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life.

Feminine

Hofstede's research has shown that there are ______.

Five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries

_______ are two kinds of cooperative contracts

Franchising and licensing

Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?

Gathering and providing performance feedback

Which of the following is an example of a common approach to corporate-level strategy?

Grand strategies

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduce their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the ______ stage of the technology cycle

Incremental change

Organizational ______ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

Innovation

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year

Innovation streams

Global business:

Is the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries

Which of the following is an advantage of planning?

It encourages people to work harder for extended periods.

Which of the following is true about planning?

It helps managers create task strategies.

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true

It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust

Which of the following is true of global business?

It is the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries

A _____ is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company

Joint venture

An expatriate is someone who ______.

Lives and works outside his or her own country

Who among the following is responsible for developing operational plans?

Lower-level managers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline?

Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent

Who among the following is responsible for the creation of tactical plans?

Middle Managers

_____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behaviors of the people from a particular country.

National culture

_____ planning allows companies to maintain flexibility by making small simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.

Options-based

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

Organizational Impediments

When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in ______ .

Organizational decline

Most companies have used the ______ to successfully enter foreign markets.

Phase model of globalization

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is ______.

Planning

____ are types of standing plans.

Policies and Procedures

_____ is associated with the risk of major changes in governmental regimes the can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential events.

Political uncertainty

____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions.

Rational decision making

Managing global joint ventures can be difficult because they:

Represent a merging of four cultures

______ are the assets, capabilities, processes, information, and knowledge that an organization uses to improve its effectiveness and efficiency, to create and sustain competitive advantage, and to fulfill a need or solve a problem.

Resources

Which of the following is the most specific type of standing plan?

Rules and Regulations

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical _____ pattern of innovation

S-curve

____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative.

Satisficing

Which of the following should be a key issue for a company once it decides to go global?

Strike the right balance between global consistency & local adaption

6. ______ are long-term, low-interest, cash grants, and tax deductions used to developed and protect companies in special industries

Subsidies

_____ plans specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

Tactical

A(n) ______ is a direct tax on imported goods.

Tariff

The two general kinds of trade barriers are ______.

Tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with:

Technological discontinuity

______ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies

Technological substitution

______ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs

Technology

Which of the following is a common factor of global new ventures?

The development and communication of a company's global vision from inception by the founders

Which of the following is an example of core capabilities of an organization?

The organization's skill in maintaining large inventories effectively.

______ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment

The willingness of a expatriate's spouse and family to adjust to a foreign culture

The term ______ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.

Uncertainty avoidance

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change is outlined by Kurt Lewin are _____.

Unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

Clive Motor Company solely owns and operates manufacturing plants in Brazil, Chile, Germany, and India. Which of the following methods for conducting global business has Clive Motor Company used in this example?

Wholly owned affiliate

A(n) _____ strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question "How should we compete in this line of business?"

industry level

A technology can become a dominate design if:

it solves a practical problem

The last step in effective planning is to _____.

maintain flexibility in planning

Resource similarity and _____ are factors that determine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.

market commonality

According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____.

measurable

Budgets are a type of ____ plans.

operational

A(n) _____ is a brief, two-sentence statement of a company's purpose for existing.

organizational mission

Which of the following is NOT one of the five industry forces that determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability?

organizational synergy

A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).

problem

A company that is seeking to grow by taking risks and looking for innovations is best characterized as a(n) _____.

prospector

A _____ resource is a resource that is not controlled or possessed by many competing firms.

rare

A laptop manufacturer has created a set of methods to deal with specific technical issues raised by customers. These methods are _____.

standing plans

_____ is a discrepancy between a company's intended strategy and the strategic actions managers take when actually implementing that strategy.

strategic dissonance

Top management is responsible for developing ____.

strategic plans

Management by objectives (MBO) is a management technique often used to develop and carry out.

tactical plans

The strategy-making process begins with:

the assessment of the need for strategic change.

___ strategies typically work in market niches that competitors have overlooked or have difficulty serving.

focus

The purpose of a _____ strategy is to increase profits, revenues, market share, or the number of places (stores, offices, locations) in which the company does business.

growth

Groupthink occurs in ____.

highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other

_____ is defined as the purchase of a company by another company.

acquistion

An industry-level strategy that is best suited to changes in the organization's external environment is a(n)_____ strategy.

adaptive

Organizations can achieve a _____ by using their resources to provide greater value for customers than competitors can.

competitive advantage

_____ are the central companies in a strategic group.

core firms

______ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged

creative work environments

Which of the following is the first step in management by objectives?

discussing possible goals

____ is a strategy for reducing risk by buying a variety of items so that the failure of one stock or one business does not doom the entire portfolio.

diversification

The most popular approach to increasing goal commitment is ____

encouraging workers' participation in goal setting

____ consists of the strategic actions that a company takes to return to a growth strategy.

recovery

The research on diversification in portfolio management indicates that the best approach is probably _____.

related diversification

In the context of the strategic reference point theory, the _____ strategy aims to protect an existing competitive advantage.

risk-avoiding

A _____ is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment.

situational analysis

Companies often choose a _____ strategy when their external environment doesn't change much or after they have struggled with periods of explosive growth.

stability

The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.

standing plan