Ch. 6 Lesson 4: Acids and Bases in Solution
Hydrogen ion
(H+) an atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron
Hydroxide ion
(OH-)a negative ion made of oxygen and hydrogen
What is the formula for ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE?
Al(OH)3
What Ions do Acids and Bases form in Water?
An acid produces hydrogen ions (H+) in water. A base produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
What is the formula for CALCIUM HYDROXIDE?
Ca(OH)2
What is the formula for CALCIUM OXIDE?
CaO
What are responsible for corroding metals and turning blue litmus paper red?
Hydrogen ions
What is responsive for the bitter taste and slippery feel of bases?
Hydroxide ions
What is the formula for POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE?
KOH
What is the formula for AMMONIA?
NH3
What is the formula for SODIUM HYDROXIDE?
NaOH
What is a salt made from?
a positive ion of a base and the negative ions of an acid
Neutralization
a reaction between an acid and base
What are the products of neutralization?
an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water
What happens after neutralization?
an acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual staring solutions were: the reaction may even result in a neutral solution
Salt
an ionic compound that can be made from a neutralization reaction
What do acids separate into when in a solution with water?
hydrogen ions and negative ions
What happens to the molecules of a strong acid?
it dissociates to form hydrogen ions in a solution
pH scale
ranges form 0 to 14; it expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Strength in Acids:
strength refers to how well the acid dissociates, or separates, into ions in water
What are found at the high end of the scale?
the least acidic substances
What are found at the low end of the scale?
the most acidic substances
What produces salt?
the neutralization reaction of a metal with a nonmetal
What determines the final pH?
the volumes, concentrations, and strengths of the reactants
What happens in weak bases?
they do not usually produce hydroxide ions
What happens in a strong base?
they readily produce hydroxide ions in water
What happens when some bases dissolve in water?
they separate into positive ions and hydroxide ions
Who can you determine the pH of a solution?
using indicator paper; it changes a different color for each pH value
What happens to the molecules of a weak acid?
very few particles separate to form ions in solution
