Ch 6 psych

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using _______ _________

Negative reinforcement

classical conditioning, the _______ _________ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

Unconditioned response

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called ________ reinforcement.

continuous

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

In ---- conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response.

Classical

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________ ______

Conditioned Stimulus

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.

____ _ _____ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John B Watson

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

Which of the following is an example of a reflex: an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment?

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

continuous

In ______ ______conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again

increases

Which of the following is TRUE about John B. Watson?

He is considered the founder of behaviorism

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Spontaneous acquisition is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response.

The word "acquisition" should be changed to the word "recovery."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as latent.

The word "latent" should be changed to the word "acquisition."

Which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory?

determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

extinction

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies _________

learning

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ____________ learning.

observational

In _________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

partial

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

punishment