Ch. 6 Study Guide
Famous Locke Works
1. A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689 2. Two treatises of Government, 1689 3. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690 4. Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 1693
Locke influenced what/whom?
1. The Glorious Revolution 2. The American Revolution 3.The writings of Voltaire 4. The writings of Rousseau, and consequently, the French Revolution
John Locke's essential beliefs (Pt. 1)
1. all men were created equal by God and thus all have natural rights, including... a) the right to government by the consent of the people b) the right to life, c) the right to liberty, d) the right to property (aka "pursuit of happiness").
Basic Logic of Common Sense & Public Reaction
1776. Paine stressed the logic of America's independence, emphasizing the defects of Britain's monarchy and the economic costs of participating in Britain's repeated European wars. Reconciliation with Britain, Paine wrote, would constitute "madness and folly." "Common Sense" avoided abstract philosophy, favoring instead the ordinary language of artisans and biblical examples to support Paine's arguments. The "plain truth" (Paine's original title for the tract) he espoused found a broad readership; around 100,000 copies circulated in 1776 alone, and the pamphlet stirred politicians and ordinary citizens to embrace American independence.
John Locke's essential beliefs (Pt. 2)
2. Locke believed that the government should operate within the consent of the people it governs and should protect and respect peoples' God-given rights.
John Locke's essential beliefs (Pt. 3)
3. Locke strongly supported people's right to rebel against a government if it failed to protect and honor their rights. Indeed, he asserted that at times, people did not only have a right, but an obligation to rebel.
John Locke's essential beliefs (Pt. 4)
4. People are reasonable, tolerant, and moral. They begin life with a brain that is the equivalent of a blank slate, and who they become is a result of their experiences.
John Locke influenced what/whom? (Pt.2)
5. Alexander Hamilton 6. James Madison 7. Thomas Jefferson 8. And more...
Explain four (4) different reasons Paine gives for America to form its own nation.
A) He also posed a moral question, asking, "If Britain was the true 'mother' country, would a mother burden her children, and treat them badly?" B) A more practical and less emotional topic was that the distance between the two nations prevented timely correspondence of governing petitions and issues. The charge was that Britain did not consider the best interests of the colonies that represented it. C) Being a part of Britain would also involve America in unnecessary wars. This would prevent the colonists from foreign trade. D) Paine pointed out that colonists were oppressed and persecuted under British rule.
Introduction and Defense of Man's Natural Rights
As a long and violent abuse of power, is generally the Means of calling the right of it in question (and in Matters too which might never have been thought of, had not the Sufferers been aggravated into the inquiry) and as the King of England hath undertaken in his OWN RIGHT, to support the Parliament in what he calls THEIRS, and as the good people of this country are grievously oppressed by the combination, they have an undoubted privilege to inquire into the pretensions of both, and equally to reject the usurpation of either.
A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689 (Pt. 3)
Based on three major and very rational reasons for tolerance; (3) Coercing religious uniformity would lead to more social disorder than simply allowing diversity.
A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689 (Pt. 2)
Based on three major and very rational reasons for tolerance; 2. Even if they (earthly judges, being either state or individual) could evaluate truth claims of competing religious standpoints, enforcing a single "true religion" would not have the desired effect, because belief cannot be compelled by violence.
Who was on the committee of five ( main 3)?
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson
Where does government get its right to govern, according to the natural rights philosophers?
Citizens consent to follow the laws of government in exchange for the protection that their natural rights would not be taken away (Social compact / contract)
What were the two main points of Common Sense?
Common Sense presented two main points: A) Independence from England, and B) the creation of a democratic republic.
Consent of Governed
Consent of Governed means, A condition urged by many requirements for legitimate government that the authority of a government should depend on.
Section 1
Consent of the governed
The Role of Religious Belief and Paine's Deism
DEISM: The belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it and permits his creation to administer itself through natural laws.In the first months of 1776, the Colonists still wanted to negotiate with the British to resolve the main problems. Many of the colonists felt that the King and the Queen of England were appointed by God and to challenge their authority would be a violation of Godly principles.Paine openly refused this idea, basing much of his logic on the idea that government should be based on natural law. He explained that the people must fight against the unfair and unjust ways of King George III and the British Parliament. He talked about government being a "necessary evil," which could be made better through having elections often. He didn't think that government should control people who did not have a voice in what was being done--that this was natural law, and "common sense."
Section 1
Declaration of Independence- purpose
Section 1
Don't Tread on Me cartoon
Who was the representative from Georgia who required the abolition of slavery be removed?
Edward Rutledge
John Locke strongly upheld and advocated....
Empiricism- empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, and uses this in the formation of ideas. This goes against the idea of innate ideas or tradition, known as rationalism.
First amendment
Freedom of religion
Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
George Washington
How did the Declaration of Independence change the American Revolution?
It changed it from a fight for fairness to a fight for freedom.
What was the purpose of the third main section of the Declaration of Independence?
It declares an official separation of the colonies.
What was the purpose of the second main section of the Declaration of Independence?
It lists complaints directed toward King George III.
What was the purpose of the first main section of the Declaration of Independence?
It states general ideas about rights and government.
Who was the representative from Massachusetts who forced independence?
John Adams
Who proposed that a vote on independence must be unanimous?
John Dickinson
Who was the representative from Pennsylvania who was against independence?
John Dickinson
On what date was the Declaration of Independence approved?
July 4, 1776
Rights
Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness
Life, Liberty
Live your life, freedom
A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689 (Pt. 1)
Locke wrote this book in the aftermath of the European wars of religion, and based it on three major and very rational reasons for tolerance; 1. Earthly judges, the state in particular, and human beings generally, cannot dependably evaluate the truth-claims of competing religious standpoints;
I am winning
Look at the situation I have taken over Swiss Anti- Spamming and made it Bundes Anti- Spamming Bund, and I have deleted Seabiscuit
LRH
Lowry Hall. Philosophers such as Locke, Rousseau, & Hobbes discuss the social contract and reflected it in US democratic principles.
Name the main offices Thomas Jefferson held in government.
Minister to France, Vice President, president, secretary of state
Section 1
Natural rights
Introduction to Common Sense - Thomas Paine
On January 10, 1776, while the Second Continental Congress was deliberating on the future of the "united colonies," a 46-page pamphlet was put out for sale. Simply titled Common Sense, it became a publishing phenomenon, a best-seller in its time. The first printing sold out in two weeks and over 150,000 copies were sold throughout America and Europe. Written by Thomas Paine, an unknown Englishman who had emigrated only fifteen months earlier, it burst upon the scene like a meteor—a "disastrous meteor," wrote John Adams, who felt Paine's inflammatory call for independence would undermine the deliberative work of the Continental Congress. While Paine's basic message—abandon the goal of reconciliation and declare independence—was not new, he went much further. Reject British heritage, condemn monarchy, embrace democracy, enlighten the world. This doesn't sound very revolutionary to us, but it was. "We have it in our power," insisted Paine, "to begin the world all over again."
Paine-esque Propaganda?
On one hand, he seems to be a great American Patriot. The thoughts and ideas visited in Common Sense are the kind of fodder that I was taught from a very young age. On the other, he seems to be a master of propaganda. Common Sense tends to decide for the reader what is the only way for America to go. He went so far as to state at the beginning of the section "Of the present ability of America, with some miscellaneous reflexions" that it was inevitable that America separate with England without any argument otherwise. The act of naming the pamphlet Common Sense was in itself a propaganda-type move.
Summary of Paine's Arguments Against the British
Only two years after he arrived in the colonies from Britain, Thomas Paine—a former corsetmaker, school master, and tax officer—expressed America's pent-up rage against the mother country in Common Sense, the most influential pamphlet of the Revolutionary period. Paine challenged Americans' longheld pride in Britain and urged them to see what was already the case—they were separate, self-governing, and capable of defeating Britain in war. He presented his argument in four sections. (1) The English constitution you worship? It's a sham. (2) The monarchy you revere as an institution? It doesn't care about you; it cares about Britain's wealth, and a series of "crowned ruffians" has laid the world "in blood and ashes." (3) America today? It is folly to think that it can remain subject to a distant tyrant, and it is self-sabotage to keep pursuing reconciliation, which would surely lead to the "ruin of the continent." (4) Can we win this war? Absolutely, so get going! If we delay it, it will be that much harder to achieve.
What was Paine's point about Britain's geography?
Paine pointed out that there was no sense for an island to rule a continent. He reminded the colonists that America was not a British nation, but a nation composed of many different people, of varied influences.
Pathos and Paine's Rhetoric
Paine's major impact came not from being inspirational, but from being angry. "The point to remember," writes literary historian Robert Ferguson, "is that Paine's natural and intended audience is the American mob. . . . He uses anger, the natural emotion of the mob, to let the most active groups find themselves in the general will of a republican citizenry."1 Before Paine, adds Ferguson, the rhetoric of published discourse had been moderate; educated men wrote civilly for publication and kept their fury for private letters and diaries. Then came Paine, calling Britain an "open enemy," denouncing George III as "Royal Brute of England," and mocking the prospect of reconciliation as "truly farcical" and "a fallacious dream." To think otherwise, he charges, is "repugnant to reason." Here we examine Common Sense and the independent spirit it spurred among the "common people," the contempt it received from Loyalists, and the anxiety it caused Patriot leaders.
Introduction and Two Aphorisms
Perhaps the sentiments contained in the following pages, are not YET sufficiently fashionable to procure them general favour; a long habit of not thinking a thing WRONG, gives it a superficial appearance of being RIGHT, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense of custom...Time makes more converts than reason.
When and Why Published
Published in 1776, Common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain.
What is the Dunlap broadside?
Refers to the multiple copies printed by John Dunlap on July 4 to send out them that were only signed by John Hancock quickly to the colonies
Who introduced the Virginia Resolution?
Richard Henry Lee
Unalienable Rights
Rights that people have that are given by our Creator. They cannot be given or taken away by government.
British Subjects Versus American Subjects
The British who lived in England had many rights. They had a say in the laws Parliament was making. The Colonists, though, had no rights or any say in what laws Parliament made. They were being taxed by a country without having any say or voting power.Common Sense made the colonists think and after they thought they became more ready to fight for their independence.
Declaration Of Natural Rights
The Declaration Of Natural Rights declares that all men are created equal. It also states that all men have the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The colonies started a government. The role of their government was to protect the people's rights. If the government failed to protect their rights the citizens were able to overthrow the government and start a new one.
List Of Grievances
The List Of Grievances was a list of complaints against the King and England. The purpose of this was to prove that Britain had indeed violated the rights of the colonists. Some main ideas that helped pushed this subject are that the British government allowed the colonists no say in determining laws and taxes. Another idea is that King George, the King at this time, showed little or no concern for the colonists.
Preamble
The Preamble, also known as the Introduction, is the beginning to the Declaration Of Independence. The purpose of the Preamble is to state why the Declaration Of Independence was written. The document explains the reasons that impel the colonists to separate from Great Britain.
resolution
The Resolution Of Independence, also known as the conclusion, ends the Declaration Of Independence. The purpose of the final part is to provide a ringing statement announcing the creation of a new nation. Some powers a free and independent states are that they are able to wage war and make peace, make alliances, and trade.
What is social compact?
The agreement that people make among themselves to create a government to rule them and protect their natural rights.
What did he reluctantly agree to draft?
The declaration of independence
What is the central importance of Common Sense?
The document played a major part in uniting colonists before the Revolutionary War for freedom from the British. Common Sense also led to the Declaration of Independence later that year.
What is the consent of the people?
The fundamental theory of democracy is the belief that the government is to protect the rights of the people, also to establish the government.
Why is the government under consent?
The government is under consent because the government needs permission/approval to do things. This is called a social contract. This protects each person's natural rights and give people power to enforce laws.
John Locke:
The leading Enlightenment philosopher,
What is the purpose of government according to the natural rights philosophers?
The main purpose of government was to protect the people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property. Kings should not have absolute power where they would be able to deprive people of their natural rights.
How are you governed?
The people of the US are governed by making laws which a person may not break or bend in anyway, When congress makes laws you must follow by them or you will have consequences you must face
Who is being Governed?
The people of the United States America are being governed. We are being governed because we use the system.
What is John Kennedy's opinion of Thomas Jefferson based upon his quote in paragraph 1?
Thinks highly, one of the smartest and wisest men
Who were the members of the committee to write the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin
History of the Pamphlet
Thomas Paine's pamphlet supposedly sold 500,000 copies in its first year of circulation. Because Paine was intent in pointing out an alternative to British rule, he donated any royalties from Common Sense to George Washington's Continental Army. He intended to assist the oppressed colonists and a fair and worthwhile cause, the American Revolutionary War.
Purpose of government
To protect our rights
What was important about the rhetorical style of Common Sense?
To the American colonists, Paine's straightforward and simply-written expressions made political ideas real to the people. He targeted the deeply felt sentiments of the colonists, presenting reasons for breaking free in a manner that they understood. Common Sense made the war for freedom an individual choice, which could be attained in a united manner by the colonists.
Section 1
Unalienable rights
What university did Thomas Jefferson help found?
University of Virginia
How did Paine appeal to Protestant audience?
Using Biblical quotes which Protestants understood.
Where is thomas Jefferson from?
Virginia
What is a formal statement made to help solve a problem?
resolution
What is abolition?
the movement to end slavery
What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
to declare the separation of the colonies from Britain
Rousseau
o Believed in noble savage, meaning uninfluenced by civilization People give up freedom & rights to get civil liberties such as protection, property, common good.o He believed in making rules to become more civilized Give up freedom to live under laws and rules
Thomas Jefferson's description of Native Americans in the Declaration of Independence
"...the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all..."
What are "summer soldiers" and "sunshine patriots"?
cowards, say it in title but flee when real war, only fight if winning
According to Paine, what gives something its value?
dearness
What were the three stages in the development of the writing of the Declaration?
1. Document originally written by Jefferson 2. Changes by Franklin and Adams 3. Sent to congress and adopted
Hobbes and Locke agree on a few points...
1. Human nature allows people to be selfish 2. The right to defend private property is not enough
What are the five distinct parts of the Declaration?
1. Introduction 2. Preamble 3. First part of body- evidence of abuse 4. Second part of body- what colonists have done 5. Conclusion
What does Paine say about panics?
can be good or bad; makes people more patriotic, find enemy quicker, reveals what people are really like
What analogy, or comparison, does Paine make at the end of the essay to argue that this is not an "offensive" war?
compares king to a thief who breaks into a house and destroys property
__________ - a system of government where power is located with the independent states and there is little power in the central government. It is also known as a confederal system
confederation
The government under the Articles of Confederation consisted of a unicameral legislature. How was voting conducted in the Confederation Congress?
each state had one vote
What is a complaint against a person or group?
grievance
Under the Articles, the national government did not have the power to __________. This meant that each state had its own rules and regulations controlling trade between itself and other states or countries.
regulate trade
The Pursuit of Happiness
search or seek out happiness
What issue almost caused the Declaration of Independence to fail?
slavery
Under the Articles, the national government did not have the power to __________. This meant that the government had to ask the states for donations as its only source of income. Though it technically had the power to raise an army and a navy, it had no real way to pay for them.
tax
"What we attain to cheap we esteem to lightly: it is dearness only that gives everything its value."
the harder we fight, the more we will appreciate it
Which if these is the Primary cause of the failure of Britain's southern strategy?
the superior ability of Patriot generals
John Locke is known as who?
The 'Father of Liberalism'
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Endowed
gift freely given
Section 3
Native Americans in the Revolution
The 54th Massachusetts Regiment
Was recognized for its outstanding action in the battle for Fort Wagner in South Carolina.
Section 2
Why did Americans need France's help?
what was the job of the committee of five?
Write the Declaration of Independence
Were there other countries involved in the Treaty of Paris 1783 besides The United States and Britain?
Yes. Spain, France and The Dutch Republic were the other countries involved in the Treaty of Paris 1783.
Which of the following was the final battle of the Revolutionary War?
Yorktown
Don't Tread on Me
You will never succeed my agents they are top of the line, I have many members and all elite, I also have the acs, cng and qia on my side
The End
Your Welcome
From whom is Paine seeking help?
all the states of the colonies, everyone
Social Contract
an agreement between the people of a society and its ruler that sets limitations and rules
Main idea?
argue need to break away from Britain
In what year did the Articles of Confederation go into effect?
1781
Who led a 1786 uprising in western Massachusetts?
Daniel Shays
Who was the President of the Congress?
John Hancock
Section 1
Social contract
Who published "Common Sense"?
Thomas Paine
The British army was trapped at Yorktown by
a fleet of French warship
Battle of Saratoga
(1777) Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.
What big changes happened because of the Treaty of Paris 1783?
1. The British Empire finally agreed to recognize the American independence of the thirteen states. 2. The treaty also set new borders for the United States, including all land from the Great Lakes on the north to Florida on the south, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, thereby doubling the size of the new nation. 3. Britain agreed to remove all of its troops from the new nation and The United States let the remaining British troops to leave America quietly. 4. Great Britain and the United States agreed to pay all existing debts owed to each other and not to block creditors from seeking to recover debts owed to them. 5. The United States agreed not to persecute loyalists still in America and allow those that left America to return. 6. American fishermen's kept the right to access the Grand Banks off the coast of Newfoundland and other traditional fisheries in Canadian waters. 7. The signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783-1784) restored Negapatnam, a British colony in India, to Dutch control. 8. Spain got Florida
What are the three qualities of people who pursue their principles?
1. man that could smile in trouble (produce brave hearts) 2. dear conscience 3. who will pursue their principles unto death
How many Hessian soldiers did the Americans capture
1000 soldiers
The Treaty of Paris that officially ended the Revolutionary War was signed in ...
1783
What was the Treaty of Paris 1783?
1783, was a peace treaty negotiated between the United States and Great Britain that officially ended the revolutionary war and recognized the independence of the thirteen states.
How many copies have been found in the last 25 years?
2, one was bought at a flea market for $4 hidden in back of a picture frame which sold for 8.1 million dollars
How many Crossings were there and what happened at each ?
3. At the first one the Battle of Trenton happened, At the second it was to return to original camp, At the third the Americans crossed in order to push back what was left of the British Army
What crucial mistake did British General Cornwallis make that led to the defeat of the British army?
He disregarded an order and returned to Yorktown Peninsula.
John Burgoyne
A British commander of the northern forces, who was supposed to lead his forces down from Canada and meet William Howe and Barry St. Leger in Albany. He began an attack to the south along the Mohawk and the upper Hudson River approaches to Albany. He was abandoned by Howe, however, who instead of meeting with him, went to capture Philadelphia. General St. Leger was stopped by Benedict Arnold. This left Burgoyne alone to carry out the plan in the north.
Francis Marion
A South Carolinian who becomes master of hit-and-run tactics (guerilla warfare) and earned the nickname "the Swamp Fox".
King's Mountain
A key Patriot victory in South Carolina in 1780, which helped turn the tide of the war in the South in favor of the Americans.
Frederick Douglass
Abolitionist who urged Lincoln to abolish slavery and allow African Americans to fight for the Union.
Section 3
African Americans in the war
American Colonists
After winning the revolution, broke treaties and promises of land to the few Native American allies who helped them.
Ben Franklin
Ambassador to France, convinces the French to enter the Revolutionary War
George Washington
American General who was victorious at the Battle of Yorktown.
Benedict Arnold
American commander who defeated Barry St Leger at Fort Stanwix and led American Forces to capture a key British position in the Battle of Saratoga.
ratified
Approved, as the United States Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris, 1783, on April 15, 1783.
The first U.S. constitution was the __________.
Articles of Confederation
Section 2
Battle of Saratoga: Why a turning point in war?
Why did Paine write Common Sense anonymously?
Because of its treasonous content, Paine wrote Common Sense anonymously. The clearly defined reasoning in his writing led colonists to unite in the patriotic cause of freedom.
Why was the Treaty of Paris 1783 created?
Because the war did not officially end with the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. The British still held Savannah, Charleston and New York. It took almost a year and a half for King George III to finally come around and sign a treaty to recognize the states and end hostilities.
Who was the oldest signer of the declaration
Benjamin Franklin, age 70
Lord Cornwallis
Best remembered as one of the leading British Generals in The American Revolutionary War. His 1781 defeat by a combined American-French force at the Siege of Yorktown is generally considered to de-facto end of war, as a bulk of British troops surrendered to him.
Why the Americans won the war
Better leadership, foreign aid, knowledge of the land and motivation.
Battle of the Capes
Britain had opportunity to defeat colonists at sea during Battle of Yorktown, but they do not break the line and ends up being a stalemate, to the favor of the Americans and French
"Heaven knows how to put a proper price . . . only to God."
Britain is trying to bind them but only God can do that; Britain is trying to be God
Which of the following was NOT one of the terms of the Treaty of Paris?
Canada was returned to France
What types of character traits did Washington possess that made him a strong leader?
Careful, steady, calm
Before the Revolutionary War, what was his military experience?
Commander during the French and Indian war for 300 men in Virginia.
Section 1
Committee of 5 & Thomas Jefferson
__________ - a meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 where delegates decided to throw out the Articles of Confederation and draft the Constitution
Constitutional Convention
Who signed the Treaty of Paris 1783?
David Hartley, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and John Jay. Fun Fact: The Americans signed their names in alphabetical order.
When was the Crossing of Delaware
December 25 1776
Section 4
Defeat of Lord Cornwallis's army at the of Battle of Yorktown
Great Britain
Did not give support to Native Americans at end of the revolution during the Treaty of Paris, even though most tribes fought on their side.
Treaty of Paris
Ended the American revolution, In it, Britain recognize the United States as independent nation with boundaries from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River and south of Florida, which Spain regained. American agreed to ask state legislatures to repay Loyalists for for property which they lost during the war.
True or False: all 56 signers of the deceleration were born in America
False, 8 were born in Britain, example: Button Gwinnett
True or False: the Declaration was signed on July 4,1776
False, congress officially adopted the declaration on July 4. It took two weeks for the declaration to be engrossed.
True or. False: no one recanted signing the declaration
False, one person recanted statement bc they were being harshly treated and had meager rations
Why did Americans need France's help?
France had much anger against the British for a number of reasons. France sought revenge after their miserable defeat that took out its American standings in the Seven Years' War. If Britain were to lose, France believed Britain would no longer be a leading power.
Rochambeau
French general who commanded French troops in the American Revolution, notably at Yorktown (1725-1807)
Marquis de Lafayette
French soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army.
Battle of Cowpens
General Daniel Morgan won a great victory for Patriots using unconventional methods.
Nathanael Greene
General put in charge of the Southern American army after the defeat of Gates at Camden.
Who read this to his troops before went into battle?
George Washington
Who Crossed the Delaware
George Washington and the Continental Army
Describe the Battle of Trenton
George Washington and the army arrived in Trenton, the Hessians were not prepared, an the British soon surrendered
Admiral De Grasse
He operated a powerful French fleet in the West Indies. He advised America he was free to join with them in an assault on Cornwallis at Yorktown. Rochambeau's French army defended British by land and Admiral de Grasse blockaded them by sea. This resulted in Cornwallis's surrender on October 19, 1781.
Abraham Lincoln
He took action to abolish slavery and secretly began working on a plan for the emancipation of enslaved African Americans.
How many deaths and injuries did the Hessian and American Soldiers have
Hessian 22 Deaths 83 injuries American 2 Deaths 5 injuries
What kind of soldiers did the British have ?
Hessian Soldiers
Where is Thomas Jefferson buried
Home in Monticello, Virginia
Battle of Yorktown
In Virginia, Cornwallis' British army was trapped by Washington and Rochambeau and forced to surrender its 8,000 men on October 17, 1781, thus and thus ending the American Revolution.
The Purpose of being governed
Is to protect those natural rights that the individual cannot effectively protect in the state of nature
What was the importance of the Crossing of Delaware
It gave the American Soldiers a huge boost in moral
Emancipation Proclamation
It made the abolition of slavery one of the specific goals of the Union and was issued on September 22, 1862.
Why did John Adams think Washington would make a good Commander in Chief of the Continental Army?
John Adams thought he could unite the colonies.
Section 1
John Locke & beliefs
__________ - set up a system to organize, survey, sell and settle lands of the Northwest Territory. One of the few things accomplished by the Confederation Congress (government set up by the Articles of Confederation). The Native-Americans already living there were ignored--until they were forcibly removed from most of the land.
Land Ordinance of 1785
Comte de Rochambeau
Landed a French Army in Rhode Island ad joined Washington's army from New York to march on Cornwallis in Virginia.
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
Section 2
Leadership of George Washington
General Gates
Led patriot forces to victory over General Burgoyne in the Battle of Saratoga.
Proclamation of 1763
Line placed on map of North America by King George III before the revolution to protect Native American lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Joseph Brant
Mohawk chief who convinced 4 of 6 Iroquois nations to fight alongside the British in the American Revolution.
Map of United States after American Revolution
Native American lands west of the Appalachian Mountains turned into U.S. claimed territory instead.
Congressional Medal of Honor
Nearly two dozen black Civil War soldiers received this honor.
__________ - one of the few accomplishments of the Confederation Congress, this law banned slavery from the Northwest Territories and provided for the admission of new states created there.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
After the American Revolution, what name was used for the lands west of the Appalachians, north of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River?
Northwest Territory
Iroquois Confederacy
Once the most powerful Native American government in North America; divided and ruined by the end of the American Revolution.
How many branches of government were there under the Articles of Confederation?
One (just the Confederation Congress)
Shenendoah
Oneida chief known for military leadership who convinced his tribe to fight with the Americans.
Hobbes
People give up unalienable/innate rights to monarch in return for protection and peace This reflect democracy in US because it implies that people have unalienable rights Born with rights that cant be taken away
Section 4
Result of Treaty of Paris 1783
Who wrote the Articles of Confederation?
Second Continental Congress
__________ was an armed uprising against the seizure of property by the state in western Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787. Many people in rural areas could not pay their debts and taxes due to severe deflation -- a lack of money in the economy.
Shays' Rebellion
Guerillas
Slamm bands of od fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids nd hit-and-run attacks.
Lord Cornwallis
The British General who moved his armies into Virginia in 1781, setting up the final battles of the war.
Where was the Treaty of Paris 1783 signed?
The Treaty of Paris that officially ended the Revolutionary War on September 3, 1783, was signed in Paris by Americans Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Britain's representative David Hartley. Under the terms of the treaty, Britain recognized the independent nation of the United States of America.
Who drafted the Treaty of Paris 1783?
The United States and Britain sent people to France to develop a Peace Treaty. The Continental Congress named a five-member commission to negotiate a treaty-John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens. Thomas Jefferson had travel delays and missed the voyage to Paris and Henry Laurens was captured by a British warship and also didn't make it to the negotiations. Britain sent a member of their Parliament - David Hartley.
Thomas Jefferson died on the 50th anniversary of what?
The adoption of the declaration
What other document did the Declaration of Independence spend I world war 2 in Fort Knox with?
The constitution
Section 1
The first system of government under Articles of Confederation
Valley Forge(When)
The group arrived in valley Forge in 1777 and stayed there until 1787 where they were trained.
Valley Forge(Who)
The group was lead by George Washington who was the commander and chief. Also it was lead by General Marquis de Lafayette and General Friedrich Von Steuben.
Valley Forge(Where)
Valley forge is located in the southeastern part of Pennsylvania and was 25 miles away from Philadelphia.
Section 2
Victory at Trenton (crossing the Delaware)
Who were the Hessian soldiers, where did they come from and how many of them fought in the War
They were German soldiers that the British hired to fight. They came from Hesse-Kassel. 30,000 fought in the war
What are some of George Washington's smart moves during the war?
Thinks of a way to bring up morale by using surprise attacking and battling during the wintertime.Retreats during the Battle of Long Island to save lives.Moves cannons to Dorchester Heights to scare the British into evacuating Boston.Alexander Hamilton - right hand manUplifting and inspiring during the winter at Valley ForgeBrings in Von Steuben
Militia Act
This law enabled free blacks in the North to join the Union military and actively fight for their freedom.
Section 1
Thomas Paine - Common Sense
Section 2
Thomas Paine - The Crisis - purpose
The Battle at Antietam
Took place in Maryland was the single bloodiest battle of the war with more than 23,000 soldiers killed or wounded.
What treaty ended the Revolutionary War?
Treaty of Paris 1783
True or False: when the news of the Declaration of Independence reached New York, a riot was started.
True, George Washington read the document aloud in front of city hall. A statue of George III was melted down into musket balls
True or false: more than one copy of the declaration exists
True, the reproduction of the approved text by the printer John Dunlap. The copies were dispatched across the 13 colonies. Only 26 copies of these Dunlap broadsides survived.
The Articles of Confederation set up what type of legislature?
Unicameral
Benjamin Butler
Union General that declared the fugitives under his protection contraband.
What was found on the back of the Declaration of Independence?
Upside down, across the bottom of the signed document: " original Declaration of Independence dated 4th July 1776."
Section 2
Valley Forge
Valley Forge(What)
Valley Forge was a place for George Washington to rest his men and train them. During a harsh winter in Valley Forge there had been horrible outcomes of staying there. George Washington's men were getting diseases and sick because of the cold. In Valley Forge there was not a lot of medicine to cure some soldiers so they died. To survive the winter George sent some men to New Jersey to gather food , cattle, and clothing.
Valley Forge(Why)
Valley Forge was a place for George Washington's men to rest and train for oncoming wars or battles.
Why do you think Paine might have chosen the analogy he used in his final argument?
justify reasons to fight Britain; uses house because everyone has house (most people can relate)
Which strength of the Continental Army was significant to its unltimate victory ?
military strategy based on the local geography.
Purpose?
motivate
How does Paine portray King of Britain? What literary device is he using?
murderer, highwayman, house breaker diction or tone
Locke
o Says you can break social contract if ruler doesn't meet expectations and you can Overthrow government/leaders Can't take away 3 unalienable rights: life liberty, and property Make laws best for peopleUs. Democratic= life liberty, and pursuit of happiness
The Crisis Series were . . .
papers given to people
What emotions does Paine appeal to when describing King?
patriotism and supportive
What was the first part of the Declaration of Independence called?
preamble
Second amendment
to keep or own a gun/arms
What strategy the British Commander in Chief Clinton hope to use when he shifted the focus of the war to South?
to supplement his troops with backcountry southerners.
Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required __________ consent of the 13 state legislatures. This meant that changing the government was very difficult. If one state legislature did not like a proposed change, it could vote against the amendment and prevent the amendment from being ratified.
unanimous
What vote was required for an amendment to the Articles of Confederation to pass?
unanimous
The central government under the Articles of Confederation was very __________.
weak
When is war justified, according to Paine?
when its defensive
