Evolution
what actually changes and drives the evolution of species by natural selection?
changing allele frequency or genes
organisms with traits that increase their chance of surviving and reproducing in their environment are known as...
differential reproduction or survival of the fittest
what did Charles Darwin call the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment?
differential survival or survival of the (genetic) fittest
what evolutionary risk will be decreased if a population of organisms has lots of genetic variation?
extinction
morphological structures
form and structure: basically body parts=fishes-fins,gills,eyes,scales,tail fin, mouth, etc.
what are the five evidences of evolution of species that were presented in class?
fossil evidence, embryonic development/stages evidence, homologous structures, biochemical or chemical or molecular evidence, vestigial structures
what process changes the allele frequency of a population and is a random chance occurrence?
genetic drift
a population of squirrels that contains a wide range of phenotypes also has a large amount of
genetic variation(lots of different alleles)
what are the four main principles of the theory of natural selection?
genetic variation, overproduction of progeny, differential survival:struggle for survival:survival of the fittest, descent with modification
according to darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that are...
most adapted to the environment or have the best adaptive traits or higher genetic fitness
what are the examples of barriers that could separate a population long enough to provide for a chance of speciation?
mountains, distance between species, oceans, large rivers, valleys, deserts
a change in a sequence of DNA is called a...
mutation
what are two main sources of genetic variation?
mutation and recombination
when lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin's concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
natural selection ( focus would be on survival of the fittest )
what evolutionary concept or factor would explain the development of a change in body color that enabled animals to better hide from predators?
natural selection- selection of the best adaptive trait for the environment
individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce...
offspring, progeny
natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits(genes) that are...
passed on, inherited, passed on to offspring
In organisms that reproduce sexually, inheritable variation is due mostly to...
recombination(by the process of meiosis)
if two species have similar DNA sequences it would indicate that they are...
sharing a recent ancestor or they are closely related
A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another and produce fertile offspring are known as
species
which concept is not included in the modern theory of evolution?
transmission of acquired characteristics
what proportion of all species that have ever lived has become extinct?
99.9%
the hypothesis that species change over time by natural selection was proposed by...
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
what do we call a feature or trait or characteristic that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?
adaptation or adaptive trait
the beak types of different galápagos finch species are examples of...
adaptive traits or adaptation
as an environment changes and some organisms have a higher fitness than others, natural selection acts directly on...
those gene variations for traits or phenotypes
list 4 examples of mechanisms that would cause genetic drift in a population
tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods