Ch. 7
White blood cell count characteristics?
-Total number of white blood cells in a known volume of blood; important to know -Also important to know distribution of white blood cell types: neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, basophils, and monocytes -In healthy people, neutrophils and lymphocytes make up the majority of WBC count
Hyperchloremia
elevation of the chloride ion concentration in the blood plasma (Ch 7)
Pseudoneutrophilia
elevation of the neutrophil count that is the result of cells shifting from the marginated pool to the circulatory pool (Ch 7)
Glycosuria
excessive sugar in the urine (Ch 7)
Normoblasts
immature nucleated red blood cells (Ch 7)
Reticulocyte
nucleated red blood cell (Ch 7)
Once the neutrophil is marginated into the tissues what process does it play a role in?
participates in phagocytosis and dies (as in acute bacterial pneumonia)
Hemostasis
the arrest of bleeding or stagnation of blood flow (Ch 7)
Sensitivity
the proportion of actual positives results that are correctly identified as such (e.g., the percentage of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition) (Ch 7)
Once neutrophils are in peripheral blood what is their life span
very short half-life of 6 to 8 hours.
What are the formed elements in blood?
FORMED ELEMENTS 45% OF BLOOD COMPOSITION WBC (LEUKOCYTES) RBC (ERYTHROCYTES) PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES) ALL MADE IN BONE MARROW FROM STEM CELLS
Analyte
a sample of blood or body fluids that undergoes chemical analysis (Ch 7)
What are the two categories of tests for hematology evaluation?
-Complete blood count (CBC) -Tests of the blood clotting ability of the patient's blood
Where does a neutrophil go once it leaves the bone marrow?
-The circulating blood -Next, it marginates through the wall of the blood vessel and into the surrounding tissues
Complete blood count test characteristics
-This test determines the number of circulating red and white blood cells -In addition, the test determines the number and type of white blood cells present in the circulating blood -Red blood cells are also evaluated for their size and the amount of hemoglobin present
Cytology
the study of cells of the body (Ch 7)
Serum
the watery fluid portion of the blood (Ch 7)
Pseudoneutropenia
a decrease in the neutrophil count associated with cells shifting from the circulatory pool to the marginated pool (Ch 7)
Normocytic
a form of anemia (low red blood cell count) that is somewhat common in elderly people, especially those older than 85 years (Ch 7)
Macrophage
a monocyte that has left the circulation and entered tissue (Ch 7)
left shift
a term used to indicate the presence of a high level of immature white cells in the circulating blood (Ch 7)
Anergy
impaired reaction to antigens administered by skin test (Ch 7)
Spurious
outwardly similar or corresponding to something without having its genuine qualities (Ch 7)
What percentage does the neutrophil make up in the WBC count?
50-70%
How long does it take for neutrophils to be created? Where are they created?
8-12 days Produced in the bone marrow
polycythemia vera
an uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic cells within the bone marrow (Ch 7)
What are the different types of white blood cells?
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes
Hypochloremia
an abnormal decrease in plasma chloride levels (Ch 7)
Hypokalemia
an abnormal decrease in serum potassium levels (Ch 7)
Macrocytic
large cell size (Ch 7)
Specificity
measures the proportion of negative test results that are correctly identified as such. For example, the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having the condition (Ch 7)
Hypoalbuminemia
reduced blood protein levels (Ch 7)
Hypoglycemia
reduced blood sugar levels (Ch 7, 12)
Microcytic
small cell size (Ch 7)
Hyponatremia
an abnormal decrease in serum sodium levels (Ch 7)
Neutropenia
an abnormal decrease in the circulating neutrophils (Ch 7, 12)
Thrombocytopenia
an abnormal decrease in the circulating platelets (Ch 7, 12)
Anemia
an abnormal decrease in the circulating red blood cells and/or hemoglobin (Ch 7, 8, 18)
Leukopenia
an abnormal decrease in the circulating white blood cell count (Ch 7, 12)
Lymphocytopenia
an abnormal decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes (Ch 7)
Hyperglycemia
an abnormal elevation in blood glucose levels (Ch 7, 12)
Hyperkalemia
an abnormal elevation of plasma potassium (Ch 7)
Hypernatremia
an abnormal elevation of plasma sodium (Ch 7)
Basophilia
an abnormal elevation of the blood basophil count (Ch 7)
Monocytosis
an abnormal increase in circulating monocytes (Ch 7)
Neutrophilia
an abnormal increase in the circulating neutrophils (Ch 7)
Leukocytosis
an abnormal increase in the circulating white blood cell count (Ch 7, 12)
Thrombocytosis
an abnormal increase in the number of circulating blood platelets (Ch 7)
Lymphocytosis
an abnormal increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes (Ch 7)
Eosinophilia
an abnormal increase in the presence of eosinophils (Ch 7)
Polycythemia
an abnormal increase in the red blood cell count (Ch 7, 12)
Blasts
early cells that produce the formed elements in the blood (Ch 7)
