Ch. 7 radio

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radio's success increased during WWII because

-paper shortages made advertisers choose radio over newspaper for ads -the radio was a morale booster for those at home -people listened to the radio to hear news about the war

True statements about Syndicated

-syndicate programs may include news or music programs -can provide entire formats so that local radio stations need only to add commercials -refers to programs that are delivered to different radio stations all over the country

The trustee model of regulation is based on the premises that

-those who broadcast must be regulated, because spectrum space is limited -licenses should be awarded based on public interest, convenience, or necessity -broadcasting has a large sphere of influence

In 25 of the 50 major radio markets, ______ of listeners are claimed by three companies.

80%

During the Golden Age of Radio, how did sound recording benefit from World War II?

American GIs brought back new recording technology from Germany.

Which of the following P2P-based sites has more than 170 million active users and allows for simultaneous downloading and uploading of data?

BitTorrent

people who listen to radio mainly for music tend to choose ____ radio

FM

Who is considered the "father" of radio?

Lee DeForest

MTV truly changed the music industry, resulting in which of the following characteristics?

Live concerts must be extravagant.

compression technology that shrinks audio files to less than one-tenth their original size is known as

MP3

The Internet music revolution began with the development of which technology?

MP3 compression

software that permits direct internet-based collaboration between two or more computers while bypassing centralized servers is known as ______ technology

P2P

Which phrase best describes how radio changed after television emerged?

Programming became more particular.

At the end of World War I, the U.S. government forced battling radio companies in the United States to join together, resulting in the creation of which company?

Radio Corporation of America

In the early twentieth century, which of the following was true about the difference between recordings and radio?

Radio allowed for immediate participation in events; recordings did not.

Which statement below best describes the idea of "dominance of profit over artistry"?

Record labels are more likely to drop lesser-known artists.

European immigrant Nikola _____ applied for a radio patent within months of Gulielmo Marconi

Tesla

Deregulation has led to just three companies having access to 80% of radio listeners. What is one effect of this change?

There are fewer local public affairs broadcasts.

What was the advantage of 33-1/3 rpm records over the earlier 78 rpm records?

They could play 23 minutes of music instead of about 3 minutes.

Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville may have made the first sound recording, but history traditionally credits

Thomas Edison

Which of the following resulted from the rise of satellite radio?

Traditional stations air fewer commercials than before.

which of the following are the major recording companies in the United States?

Warner Music Group, Sony BMG, Universal

which of the following was passed by the U.S. government in 1910 that required larger ships to have a working wireless and operator

Wireless Ship Act

The formation of Radio Corporation America (RCA) in the early 1920s ensured that radio would be

a commercial industry based on profit

What are affiliates?

a group of broadcasting stations

What did the introduction of Apple's iPod and iTunes end up representing for major record labels?

acceptance of a new way of selling

Which of the following best describes how the beginning of advertising sales changes the radio industry?

advertising helped establish national radio networks, because bigger networks could earn more money

In which of the following ways did the radio broadcasting industry change in the 1930's

advertising revenues increased considerably and radio became a cost-effective means of entertainment for Americans

which of the following best define recent catalogue albums

albums more than 15 months to 3 years old

which of the following best describes catalogue albums

albums more than 3 years old

sound recording improved on the technology of radio by

allowing people to hear words and music created at a different time

how did apple's strategy for selling music online through its Itunes music store succeed whereas previous attempts for industry-approved downloading had failed?

apple sold individual songs for a little as 99 cents

how did MTV change tours for artists and groups

audiences now expect flashy, sophisticated productions like those they see on TV

which of the following best describes how conglomerates in the music business affect the quality of music

big businesses are less likely to take risks, resulting in a lack of new ideas in the music they produce

today, when people buy music in an actual store, they usually go to

big chain stores

Pandora and Spotify are examples of which of the following?

bitcasters

radio stations that are only accessible online are known as

bitcasters

which of the following best defines the philosophy of spectrum scarcity?

broadcast spectrum space must be regulated because it is limited

During the early days of radio, which of the following led to the most significant change in the medium?

broadcasting

which of the following are ways The Pedestrians could easily promote themselves?

by providing a few giveaways of free merchandise or concert tickets AND by creating their own podcast about their music

radio advertising is more cost effective than television advertising because radio ads

can be targeted to air during a particular time of day and they are inexpensive to produce and therefore can be changed and updated frequently

Music downloading has increased in part due to ______, subscription-based services that allow users to store files online and access them from computers and digital devices anywhere.

cloud-music services

listeners can subscribe to sites that let them store their digital music online and stream it to any of their digital devices. These services are known as

cloud-music services

when a person illegally downloads music, the financial interest of the legal "owner" of the music is compromised. Which of the following describes what the download is doing?

copyright infringement

Most of the recording industry is owned by a few big companies and, as a result, manufactured music groups dominate the scene. This outcome is known as which of the following?

cultural homogenization

because of ____ of the U.S. telecommunications industry in the 1980's and 1990s, one person or company can own as many as 8 stations in one market

deregulation

the recording and radio industries went from analog to ____ recording in the 1970's

digital

streaming

downloading music and listening to it at the same time

the situation in which one person or company owns and manages a number of radio stations in a single market is called

duopoly

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is most closely related to which of the following?

fewer station owners

satellite radio's main effect on the traditional radio industry is that it has

forced radio stations to improve in order to remain competitive

specialized radio programming that focuses on serving a particular audience is called

format radio

in 1945 the FCC ruled that several FM frequencies would be noncommercial because radio broadcasters

had not fulfilled their original promise to include educational programming on commercial stations

which of the following best describes how Lee DeForest was different from other radio pioneers

he saw potential for broadcasting music and public speakers

which of the following statements about why MP3 technology became popular are true

it allowed listeners to download individual songs rather than entire albums and it was less expensive than buying CDs

which of the following has been a consequence of automating radio playlists?

it has diminished creativity, originality, and the unique character of radio

which of the following statements about BitTorrent are true

it is a file-sharing technology that is largely anonymous AND it is thought to be used in much illegal file sharing

how did the sinking of the Titanic affect the wireless industry?

it lead to the Radio Act of 1912, which strengthened regulation of wireless operations

American Lee DeForest's invention of the audion tube was significant in early radio because

it made the reliable transmission of sounds possible

which of the following statements about format radio is true?

it means some potential audience members will not listen

which of the following best describes how Emile Berliner's gramophone improved on the original "talking machine" invented by Edison?

it used recordings that could be easily duplicated

how did radio change its focus after television arrived

it went from being nationally oriented to locally oriented

in which of the following ways has the internet changed the recording industry

listeners are no longer relying on major labels to learn about new music AND the industry is not in a position to dictate who and what listeners will be exposed to

which of the following best describes the freemium model as applied to online radio

listeners can pay for commercial-free listening or listen for free with commercials

with the advent of television after WWII, the radio industry

lost network affiliations and advertising income

which of the following statements describes effects of cultural homogenization on the music industry

manufactured groups that produce unoriginal music tend to dominate the industry AND when most music is controlled by giant corporations, the artists have little individuality

which of the following best describes what occurred after the audion tube was invented?

many "broadcasters" went on the air, and chaos ensued

which of the following best describes how television affected the radio industry at the end of WWII?

most radio stations became local as television became the dominant national source of entertainment

which of the following statements about the recording industry is true?

nearly 90% of the global recorded music market is controlled by three major recoding companies

which of the following artists would be most attractive to a major lable

one that fits into an easily recognizable niche

as a result of telecommunications act of 1996, there are no national ___ limits for radio stations

ownership

What type of software allows users to directly share digital content and bypass centralized servers?

peer-to-peer software

which of the following statements about radio and sound recording are true?

people could hear words and music from another location time via recordings AND the development of radio and sound recording happened at the same time

Which of the following terms describes a characteristic of post-television radio?

personal

the illegal recording and sale of copyrighted material is known as ____

piracy

a predetermined sequence of selected music broadcast on radio is called

playlist

which of the following statements about podcasts are true?

podcast originally were the domain of individuals and audio bloggers AND they can be played on any digital device that has an MP3 player

The Radio Act of 1927 dictated that licenses to broadcast would only be awarded in cases of

public interest, necessity, or convenience.

which of the following best describes how radio changed after WWI?

radio came to be used for entertainment and commercial purposes

which of the following serves as the basis for determining the cost of airtime in radio?

radio ratings

bitcasting

radio stations accessible only online

the flexibility to change content is and advantage in format radio because

radio stations can respond to the interest of their audiences

invented in 1903, the liquid barretter was the first device that could

receive wireless transmissions of voices

podcasting

recording and distributing audio files stored on servers for download by listeners

Which activity has helped record companies make big profits from content they already own?

ringtone downloading

record speeds are measure in RPM, which stands for

rotations per minute

a radio station that specializes in light jazz sets aside several hours every week to air city council meetings. Offering the radio of these meetings falls into the category of

secondary services

Radio personalities who are obnoxious, rude, and outrageous are often referred to as

shock jocks.

what are the advantages of terrestrial (land-based) digital radio

sound fidelity is improved over traditional radio; stations can broadcasts on both analog and digital signals; many stations offer it through subscription services

fragmentation of the radio markets enables radio stations to ____ its programming, which is modern radio's most important characteristics

specialize

the simultaneous downloading and accessing or playing of digital audio and video data is called

streaming

distributing the same radio content to many different stations is called

syndication

which of the following best describes why radio began to focus on a local audience in the 1950's

television had captured the national audience

In-band-on-channel (IBOC) technology is used in which type of radio broadcasts?

terrestrial digital radio

Which act established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?

the Communications Act of 1934

which of the following best describes the modern disc jockey as envisioned by creator Todd Storz

the DJ would play more music and talk less

The Golden Age of Radio was strongly influenced by which factor?

the Great Depression

which of the following are reasons for the creation of the radio corporation of america

the US government was afraid of foreign domination of radio AND several different companies owned pieces of vital technology, which made them more effective as a single company

which of the following best describes affiliates?

the are groups of radio stations that have access to bigger audiences through their size

which of the following is an accurate statement about The Pedestrians and their approach to finding an audience?

the did not need the radio or a major label to connect directly with listeners

Item 15 Item 15 The First Amendment protects free speech, giving radio personalities a chance to say what they think. Which of the following also helps determine whether they can say what they think?

the free market

the personal nature of radio can be attributed to which of the following

the mobility of radio

what was the government's involvement with radio broadcasting in the 1940s?

the public interest informed the government regulations

which of the following statements about how the recording industry works in the age of the internet is true?

the recording industry has less power over listeners

which of the following statements about the impact of mobile telephone use on the recording industry are true?

the sale of ring tones proved to be an unexpected boon for the recording industry AND digital technology has helped the recording industry through the sale of music to mobile phones

Which of the following directly led to the passage of the Radio Act of 1912?

the sinking of the Titanic

which of the following statements accurately describe the popularity of the radio in the US today

there are more than 15,000 broadcast radio stations operating in the US AND the majority of people in the US use the radio for their preferred way to consume audio content

which of the following describes DMX and DARS

they are methods for satellite radio delivery

which of the following statements about podcast are true?

they can be played on any digital device that has an MP3 player AND podcasts originally were the domain of individuals, including techies and audio bloggers

which of the following are reasons telecommunication satellites have helped radio experience a resurgence

they made the redistribution of content to many stations affordable AND audiences can receive radio broadcasts through their television sets

which of the following are reasons for the recent decline in radio listening?

too many commercials; mobile technologies such as smartphones; online music sources

simulcasts

traditional radio stations that transmitting their signals online

T/F radio is still the main medium people use to consume audio content

true

which of the following effects of the music industry's focus on profits over artistry?

unknown artists with fresh ideas are often dropped from labels AND there has been a decline in record sales because of a lack of music originality

the radio act of 1927 gave broadcasters the authority to

use the airwaves but not to own them

after the arrival of television, radio listeners typically started listening to the radio in which of the following ways

while they were doing other things AND while alone, so they could choose music and program formats the liked

how has television changed the relationship between musicians and fans

with musicians touring less because of television, audiences are seeing fewer of their favorite artists in live performance


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