Ch. 7 radio
radio's success increased during WWII because
-paper shortages made advertisers choose radio over newspaper for ads -the radio was a morale booster for those at home -people listened to the radio to hear news about the war
True statements about Syndicated
-syndicate programs may include news or music programs -can provide entire formats so that local radio stations need only to add commercials -refers to programs that are delivered to different radio stations all over the country
The trustee model of regulation is based on the premises that
-those who broadcast must be regulated, because spectrum space is limited -licenses should be awarded based on public interest, convenience, or necessity -broadcasting has a large sphere of influence
In 25 of the 50 major radio markets, ______ of listeners are claimed by three companies.
80%
During the Golden Age of Radio, how did sound recording benefit from World War II?
American GIs brought back new recording technology from Germany.
Which of the following P2P-based sites has more than 170 million active users and allows for simultaneous downloading and uploading of data?
BitTorrent
people who listen to radio mainly for music tend to choose ____ radio
FM
Who is considered the "father" of radio?
Lee DeForest
MTV truly changed the music industry, resulting in which of the following characteristics?
Live concerts must be extravagant.
compression technology that shrinks audio files to less than one-tenth their original size is known as
MP3
The Internet music revolution began with the development of which technology?
MP3 compression
software that permits direct internet-based collaboration between two or more computers while bypassing centralized servers is known as ______ technology
P2P
Which phrase best describes how radio changed after television emerged?
Programming became more particular.
At the end of World War I, the U.S. government forced battling radio companies in the United States to join together, resulting in the creation of which company?
Radio Corporation of America
In the early twentieth century, which of the following was true about the difference between recordings and radio?
Radio allowed for immediate participation in events; recordings did not.
Which statement below best describes the idea of "dominance of profit over artistry"?
Record labels are more likely to drop lesser-known artists.
European immigrant Nikola _____ applied for a radio patent within months of Gulielmo Marconi
Tesla
Deregulation has led to just three companies having access to 80% of radio listeners. What is one effect of this change?
There are fewer local public affairs broadcasts.
What was the advantage of 33-1/3 rpm records over the earlier 78 rpm records?
They could play 23 minutes of music instead of about 3 minutes.
Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville may have made the first sound recording, but history traditionally credits
Thomas Edison
Which of the following resulted from the rise of satellite radio?
Traditional stations air fewer commercials than before.
which of the following are the major recording companies in the United States?
Warner Music Group, Sony BMG, Universal
which of the following was passed by the U.S. government in 1910 that required larger ships to have a working wireless and operator
Wireless Ship Act
The formation of Radio Corporation America (RCA) in the early 1920s ensured that radio would be
a commercial industry based on profit
What are affiliates?
a group of broadcasting stations
What did the introduction of Apple's iPod and iTunes end up representing for major record labels?
acceptance of a new way of selling
Which of the following best describes how the beginning of advertising sales changes the radio industry?
advertising helped establish national radio networks, because bigger networks could earn more money
In which of the following ways did the radio broadcasting industry change in the 1930's
advertising revenues increased considerably and radio became a cost-effective means of entertainment for Americans
which of the following best define recent catalogue albums
albums more than 15 months to 3 years old
which of the following best describes catalogue albums
albums more than 3 years old
sound recording improved on the technology of radio by
allowing people to hear words and music created at a different time
how did apple's strategy for selling music online through its Itunes music store succeed whereas previous attempts for industry-approved downloading had failed?
apple sold individual songs for a little as 99 cents
how did MTV change tours for artists and groups
audiences now expect flashy, sophisticated productions like those they see on TV
which of the following best describes how conglomerates in the music business affect the quality of music
big businesses are less likely to take risks, resulting in a lack of new ideas in the music they produce
today, when people buy music in an actual store, they usually go to
big chain stores
Pandora and Spotify are examples of which of the following?
bitcasters
radio stations that are only accessible online are known as
bitcasters
which of the following best defines the philosophy of spectrum scarcity?
broadcast spectrum space must be regulated because it is limited
During the early days of radio, which of the following led to the most significant change in the medium?
broadcasting
which of the following are ways The Pedestrians could easily promote themselves?
by providing a few giveaways of free merchandise or concert tickets AND by creating their own podcast about their music
radio advertising is more cost effective than television advertising because radio ads
can be targeted to air during a particular time of day and they are inexpensive to produce and therefore can be changed and updated frequently
Music downloading has increased in part due to ______, subscription-based services that allow users to store files online and access them from computers and digital devices anywhere.
cloud-music services
listeners can subscribe to sites that let them store their digital music online and stream it to any of their digital devices. These services are known as
cloud-music services
when a person illegally downloads music, the financial interest of the legal "owner" of the music is compromised. Which of the following describes what the download is doing?
copyright infringement
Most of the recording industry is owned by a few big companies and, as a result, manufactured music groups dominate the scene. This outcome is known as which of the following?
cultural homogenization
because of ____ of the U.S. telecommunications industry in the 1980's and 1990s, one person or company can own as many as 8 stations in one market
deregulation
the recording and radio industries went from analog to ____ recording in the 1970's
digital
streaming
downloading music and listening to it at the same time
the situation in which one person or company owns and manages a number of radio stations in a single market is called
duopoly
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is most closely related to which of the following?
fewer station owners
satellite radio's main effect on the traditional radio industry is that it has
forced radio stations to improve in order to remain competitive
specialized radio programming that focuses on serving a particular audience is called
format radio
in 1945 the FCC ruled that several FM frequencies would be noncommercial because radio broadcasters
had not fulfilled their original promise to include educational programming on commercial stations
which of the following best describes how Lee DeForest was different from other radio pioneers
he saw potential for broadcasting music and public speakers
which of the following statements about why MP3 technology became popular are true
it allowed listeners to download individual songs rather than entire albums and it was less expensive than buying CDs
which of the following has been a consequence of automating radio playlists?
it has diminished creativity, originality, and the unique character of radio
which of the following statements about BitTorrent are true
it is a file-sharing technology that is largely anonymous AND it is thought to be used in much illegal file sharing
how did the sinking of the Titanic affect the wireless industry?
it lead to the Radio Act of 1912, which strengthened regulation of wireless operations
American Lee DeForest's invention of the audion tube was significant in early radio because
it made the reliable transmission of sounds possible
which of the following statements about format radio is true?
it means some potential audience members will not listen
which of the following best describes how Emile Berliner's gramophone improved on the original "talking machine" invented by Edison?
it used recordings that could be easily duplicated
how did radio change its focus after television arrived
it went from being nationally oriented to locally oriented
in which of the following ways has the internet changed the recording industry
listeners are no longer relying on major labels to learn about new music AND the industry is not in a position to dictate who and what listeners will be exposed to
which of the following best describes the freemium model as applied to online radio
listeners can pay for commercial-free listening or listen for free with commercials
with the advent of television after WWII, the radio industry
lost network affiliations and advertising income
which of the following statements describes effects of cultural homogenization on the music industry
manufactured groups that produce unoriginal music tend to dominate the industry AND when most music is controlled by giant corporations, the artists have little individuality
which of the following best describes what occurred after the audion tube was invented?
many "broadcasters" went on the air, and chaos ensued
which of the following best describes how television affected the radio industry at the end of WWII?
most radio stations became local as television became the dominant national source of entertainment
which of the following statements about the recording industry is true?
nearly 90% of the global recorded music market is controlled by three major recoding companies
which of the following artists would be most attractive to a major lable
one that fits into an easily recognizable niche
as a result of telecommunications act of 1996, there are no national ___ limits for radio stations
ownership
What type of software allows users to directly share digital content and bypass centralized servers?
peer-to-peer software
which of the following statements about radio and sound recording are true?
people could hear words and music from another location time via recordings AND the development of radio and sound recording happened at the same time
Which of the following terms describes a characteristic of post-television radio?
personal
the illegal recording and sale of copyrighted material is known as ____
piracy
a predetermined sequence of selected music broadcast on radio is called
playlist
which of the following statements about podcasts are true?
podcast originally were the domain of individuals and audio bloggers AND they can be played on any digital device that has an MP3 player
The Radio Act of 1927 dictated that licenses to broadcast would only be awarded in cases of
public interest, necessity, or convenience.
which of the following best describes how radio changed after WWI?
radio came to be used for entertainment and commercial purposes
which of the following serves as the basis for determining the cost of airtime in radio?
radio ratings
bitcasting
radio stations accessible only online
the flexibility to change content is and advantage in format radio because
radio stations can respond to the interest of their audiences
invented in 1903, the liquid barretter was the first device that could
receive wireless transmissions of voices
podcasting
recording and distributing audio files stored on servers for download by listeners
Which activity has helped record companies make big profits from content they already own?
ringtone downloading
record speeds are measure in RPM, which stands for
rotations per minute
a radio station that specializes in light jazz sets aside several hours every week to air city council meetings. Offering the radio of these meetings falls into the category of
secondary services
Radio personalities who are obnoxious, rude, and outrageous are often referred to as
shock jocks.
what are the advantages of terrestrial (land-based) digital radio
sound fidelity is improved over traditional radio; stations can broadcasts on both analog and digital signals; many stations offer it through subscription services
fragmentation of the radio markets enables radio stations to ____ its programming, which is modern radio's most important characteristics
specialize
the simultaneous downloading and accessing or playing of digital audio and video data is called
streaming
distributing the same radio content to many different stations is called
syndication
which of the following best describes why radio began to focus on a local audience in the 1950's
television had captured the national audience
In-band-on-channel (IBOC) technology is used in which type of radio broadcasts?
terrestrial digital radio
Which act established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?
the Communications Act of 1934
which of the following best describes the modern disc jockey as envisioned by creator Todd Storz
the DJ would play more music and talk less
The Golden Age of Radio was strongly influenced by which factor?
the Great Depression
which of the following are reasons for the creation of the radio corporation of america
the US government was afraid of foreign domination of radio AND several different companies owned pieces of vital technology, which made them more effective as a single company
which of the following best describes affiliates?
the are groups of radio stations that have access to bigger audiences through their size
which of the following is an accurate statement about The Pedestrians and their approach to finding an audience?
the did not need the radio or a major label to connect directly with listeners
Item 15 Item 15 The First Amendment protects free speech, giving radio personalities a chance to say what they think. Which of the following also helps determine whether they can say what they think?
the free market
the personal nature of radio can be attributed to which of the following
the mobility of radio
what was the government's involvement with radio broadcasting in the 1940s?
the public interest informed the government regulations
which of the following statements about how the recording industry works in the age of the internet is true?
the recording industry has less power over listeners
which of the following statements about the impact of mobile telephone use on the recording industry are true?
the sale of ring tones proved to be an unexpected boon for the recording industry AND digital technology has helped the recording industry through the sale of music to mobile phones
Which of the following directly led to the passage of the Radio Act of 1912?
the sinking of the Titanic
which of the following statements accurately describe the popularity of the radio in the US today
there are more than 15,000 broadcast radio stations operating in the US AND the majority of people in the US use the radio for their preferred way to consume audio content
which of the following describes DMX and DARS
they are methods for satellite radio delivery
which of the following statements about podcast are true?
they can be played on any digital device that has an MP3 player AND podcasts originally were the domain of individuals, including techies and audio bloggers
which of the following are reasons telecommunication satellites have helped radio experience a resurgence
they made the redistribution of content to many stations affordable AND audiences can receive radio broadcasts through their television sets
which of the following are reasons for the recent decline in radio listening?
too many commercials; mobile technologies such as smartphones; online music sources
simulcasts
traditional radio stations that transmitting their signals online
T/F radio is still the main medium people use to consume audio content
true
which of the following effects of the music industry's focus on profits over artistry?
unknown artists with fresh ideas are often dropped from labels AND there has been a decline in record sales because of a lack of music originality
the radio act of 1927 gave broadcasters the authority to
use the airwaves but not to own them
after the arrival of television, radio listeners typically started listening to the radio in which of the following ways
while they were doing other things AND while alone, so they could choose music and program formats the liked
how has television changed the relationship between musicians and fans
with musicians touring less because of television, audiences are seeing fewer of their favorite artists in live performance