Ch 7 Research Methods

Eliminating confounding variables. ID the activity being described. a. control b. manipulation

A

Ensuring that the observed relationship is not contaminated by the influence of other variables.ID the activity being described. a. control b. manipulation

A

A researcher ______ one or more variables to create the treatment condition(s). a. manipulates b. measures c. confounds d. compares

A

A variable that is neither manipulated nor is the outcome measure. ID the types of variable being described. a. dependent b. extraneous c. independent

B

Graham wants to understand how arguments escalate among adolescents. He goes to the food court of a large local mall, sits near tables with teens, and unobtrusively observes. He is using a ______ approach. a. simulation b. field study

B

Identifying the specific values of the independent variable to be examined and then creating a set of treatment conditions corresponding to the set of identified values. ID the activity being described. a. control b. manipulation

B

Richard believes that age may confound the results of his experiment. If he chooses to study only one age group, he is ______ the confounding variable. a. randomizing b. matching on c. holding constant He makes sure that for every person of a given age in the experimental group, there is a person in the comparison group of the same age, meaning he is ______ age. a. holding constant b. randomizing c. matching on If he uses a process to help him avoid any systematic relationship between age and group, he is ______. a. holding constant b. matching on c. randomizing

C C C

Which method for controlling extraneous variables allows researchers to control a multitude of variables simultaneously while not requiring specific attention to each extraneous variable? a. matching b. holding constant c. randomization d. statistical adjustment

C

Another term for the outcome measure is the ______ variable. a. dependent b. confounding c. extraneous d. independent

A

The outcome variable that is measured. ID the types of variable being described. a. dependent b. extraneous c. independent

A

Which statements are true with regard to placebos and their use in research? Select all that apply. a. placebo groups are especially important in process research b. the placebo effect occurs because the placebo has subclinical level of the active ingredient or treatment c. placebo control groups can be used in medical research but are prohibited in psychological research

A

Addressing the issue of directionality.ID the activity being described. a. control b. manipulation

B

An important characteristic of an experiment is the ______ of variables other than the dependent and independent variables. a. manipulation b. control c. analysis d. confounding

B

Teresa works with high-risk expectant mothers, those with characteristics likely to make parenting particularly challenging. She has developed a highly interactive workshop designed to teach the women the skills needed to care for infants. To test the effectiveness of the program, Teresa has the women spend 72 hours with a doll designed to mimic a fussy infant, complete with crying to be fed, changed, and held, and crying for no apparent reason. She is using a ______ approach. a. field study b. simulation

B

The variable the experimenter uses to create the treatment condition(s) is called the ______ variable. a. dependent b. independent c. control d. extraneous

B

An additional measure used to determine how research participants perceive and interpret the treatment condition is called a: a. debriefing activity b. reliability assessment c. manipulation check d. validation instrument

C

An extraneous variable becomes a confounding variable only if it: a. influences the independent variable b. is unrelated to the dependent variable c. influences the dependent variable d. is casually related to the independent variable

C

Cameron is concerned that parental education may have an impact on his study of improving parent-child interactions, so he includes only parents with an undergraduate degree. What method of control is Cameron using? a. matching b. randomization c. holding constant d. statistical adjustment

C

In an experiment, researchers ______ all other variable except the treatment condition(s). a. manipulate b. eliminate c. control d. adjust

C

The purpose of ______ the independent variable is to allow directionality to be demonstrated. a. controlling b. randomizing c. manipulating d. adjusting

C

The variable that is manipulated. ID the types of variable being described. a. dependent b. extraneous c. independent

C

What type of research attempts to identify the active components of the treatment? a. outcome b. clinical c. process d. functional

C

The ______ effect refers to a response by a participant to an inert medication that has no real effect on the body. a. deception b bias c. hypnosis d. placebo

D

The directionality problem refers to: a. identifying which variable is the cause and which variable is the effect b. identifying situations in which the relationship between two variables is curvilinear c. analyzing correlations from a statistical point of view d. analyzing the potential impact of extraneous variables on experimental outcomes

A

The term ______ group refers to the no-treatment condition in a research study. a. control b. experimental c. independent d. assessment

A

Lauren is studying ways to improve communication in families in which there is a child with severe mental illness. Lauren then selects her control group to be as like her experimental group as possible, with the exception that the children in the control group do not have a severe mental illness. What method of control is Lauren using? a. holding constant b. matching c. randomization d. statistical adjustment

B

What type of research simply investigates the effectiveness of a treatment without attempting to investigate why the treatment is effective? a. functional b. outcome c. process d. clinical

B

Which elements are characteristics of true experiments? Select all that apply: a. realism b. manipulation c. theoretical basis d. control e. measurement f. comparison

B, D, E, F

For cause and effect to be demonstrated: a. extraneous variables must be manipulated b. a plausible mechanism must be identified c. the variables must be independent d. the cause must occur before the effect

D

In an experiment, manipulation of a variable starts with: a. developing an outcome measure b. defining potential confounders c. eliminating competing variables d. identifying the calues to be examined

D