Ch. 8 Plane Joint
Saddle joints
Allow greater movement than condyloid; both concave and convex (thumb)
Dislocation
Bones forced out of alignment
4 ligaments of shoulder
Coracohumeral & 3 glenohumeral
Hinge joint
Cylindrical projection of one bone fits into trough-like surface; single plane uniaxial (elbow)
3 joints of the knee
Femopatellar joint, lateral & medial tibiofemoral joints
Sprain
Ligaments are stretched or torn
Ball-&-Socket joint
Multiaxial (shoulder & hip)
Condyloid/Ellipsoidal joint
Oval articular surface fits into complementary depression; biaxial (wrist & knuckle)
Pivot joint
Rounded end of bone protrudes into "sleeve"; uniaxial
The shoulder
Weak stability, 4 ligaments
Plane joint
articular surfaces are flat, allow slipping or gliding (nonaxial)
The knee
largest and most complex joint; flexion, extension, and some rotation
Cartilage Injuries
overstressed cartilage; repaired by artroscopic surgery
Subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint