Ch. 8 Plane Joint

Saddle joints

Allow greater movement than condyloid; both concave and convex (thumb)

Dislocation

Bones forced out of alignment

4 ligaments of shoulder

Coracohumeral & 3 glenohumeral

Hinge joint

Cylindrical projection of one bone fits into trough-like surface; single plane uniaxial (elbow)

3 joints of the knee

Femopatellar joint, lateral & medial tibiofemoral joints

Sprain

Ligaments are stretched or torn

Ball-&-Socket joint

Multiaxial (shoulder & hip)

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal joint

Oval articular surface fits into complementary depression; biaxial (wrist & knuckle)

Pivot joint

Rounded end of bone protrudes into "sleeve"; uniaxial

The shoulder

Weak stability, 4 ligaments

Plane joint

articular surfaces are flat, allow slipping or gliding (nonaxial)

The knee

largest and most complex joint; flexion, extension, and some rotation

Cartilage Injuries

overstressed cartilage; repaired by artroscopic surgery

Subluxation

partial dislocation of a joint