Ch 8.1-8.6
During the electron transport stage of the thylakoid reactions electrons are shuttled along a series of electron carrier molecules, eventually reaching the final acceptor. The final acceptor is _____.
NADP+
Recent studies with the atomic force microscope have shown that PSI and the ATP synthase are not randomly distributed in thylakoid membranes, rather, they seem concentrated
Primarily in the connection between grana (the stroma lamellae).
During photosynthesis, glucose is produced via the ____ of CO2.
Reduction
When photosynthesis results in the accumulation of G3P in the stroma faster, the G3P is used to make glucose 1-P which is then used to make _____ grains.
Starch
In a green plant, the majority of photosynthesis takes place in _____.
The leaves
The third stage of photosynthesis is also called carbon _____.
fixation
In the Calvin Cycle, ___ molecules of CO2 are bound to the same number of RuBP molecules to produce 12 molecules of PGA.
6
Why is the Calvin Cycle also known as C3 photosynthesis?
Because the first molecule in the cycle has 3 carbon atoms
Which of the following is the primary output of the Calvin cycle?
G3P
The cyclic reaction in carbon fixation do not require which of the following?
Light
In chloroplasts, electrons ejected from the photosystems do not return to them, which is known as
Noncyclic photophosphorylation
In all photosynthetic organisms studied to date, except one class of photosynthetic bacteria, light is captured by clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules, which together are called ______.
Photosystems
During times of intensive photosynthesis, chloroplast can store glucose in the form of
Starch grains
The energy used by most living cells comes ultimately from the ____ and is captured through the process of _____.
Sun Photosynthesis
The inner (internal) membrane of the chloroplast is also called the ____ membrane.
Thylakoid
The initial membrane of the chloroplast is also known as the
Thylakoid membrane
Consider the net equation that describes the Calvin cycle. How many NADPH are needed to synthesize the two net G3P molecules that can be used to make a glucose molecule?
12
When you take into account the net equation of the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize two G3P molecules?
18
How many molecules of G3P are needed to make one molecule of glucose?
2
How many molecules of CO3 need to be bound to RuBP to produce 12 molecules of PGA in the Calvin Cycle?
6
What happens during the chemiosmosis stage of the thylakoid reactions?
ATP is synthesized
Which of the following organisms have only one photosystem?
Anoxygenic bacteria
A photosystem consists of two components, a(n) _____ complex and a(n)_____ center.
Antenna Reaction
Why are the cyclic reactions in carbon fixation also referred to as light-independent reactions?
Because they can occur whether or not light is present.
The ATP needed in the Calvin cycle comes from
Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation
In photosynthesis, glucose is produced via the reduction of which of the following?
Carbon Dioxide
During the fourth stage of the thylakoid reaction, known as _____, protons flow across the membrane down their gradient and in the process ATP is synthesized.
Chemiosmosis
Protons are pumped across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the _____ _____ stage of the thylakoid (or light-dependent) reactions.
Electron Transport
T or F: Glucose is the primary output of the Calvin cycle.
False ( The primary output of the Calvin cycle is G3P. Two molecules of G3P can then be used to make glucose).
The G3P produced during the Calvin Cycle is transported into the cytoplasm where it usually converted into ____ 6-phosphate and ______ 1-phosphate.
Fructose Glucose
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate formed during the Calvin cycle is an important compound in which of the following stages of cell respiration?
Glycolysis
The thick arrow points to chick part of the chloroplast?
Grana
According to recent studies, where are PSII and the b6-f complexes located?
In the grana and in borders between the grana and the stroma lamellae
Where do the light-dependent reactions of synthesis occur in the chloroplast?
In the thylakoid membrane
The red arrow points to which part of the chloroplast?
Inner membrane
How many types of photosystems are found in chloroplasts? _______
2
Typically, it is considered that the net gain of the Calvin cycle is (are) _____ molecule(s) of G3P.
2
____ molecules of G3P made during the Calvin cycle can be used to make one molecule of _____.
2 Glucose
When added to light in photosynthesis, how many molecules of carbon dioxide and water are needed to make one molecules of glucose?
6 CO2: 12 H2O
In the equation that summarizes photosynthesis, if 6 carbon dioxide +12 water + light are the reactants, what are the products?
6 water Glucose 6 oxygen
Photophosphorylation produces ____ which stores chemical energy that can be used for the Calvin Cycle. Carbon fixation also requires reducing power, which is provided by _____ produced by photosystem I.
ATP NADPH
The electron chain directly associated with photosystem II is used to generate ____, while the electron transport chain directly associated with photosystem I is used to generate _____.
ATP NADPH
Which of the following are the two components of a photosystem?
An antenna complex A reaction center
Calvin cycle is also known as _____ photosynthesis because the first intermediate of the cycle contains three carbon atoms.
C3
The formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide is called
Carbon fixation
The light-______ reactions of photosystems occur on membranes.
Dependent
The ATP synthase of chloroplast and mitochondria are
Evolutionary related
T or F: The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesized bacteria take place in the chloroplasts.
False
T or F: The mechanism of ATP synthesis in the ATP synthase of chloroplast is fundamentally different from the one used in the ATP synthase of mitochondria.
False
In a leaf, the thick layer of cells that are rich in chloroplasts is called the _______.
Mesophyll
Which of the following ( choose all that apply) are necessary for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?
NADPH ATP
The process in which electrons from water move through PSII and PSI and ultimately to NADPH is also known as _____ photophosphorylation.
Noncylic
Which photosystem's main function is to generate high-energy electrons for the synthesis of ATP?
Photosystem II
After it is transported into the cytoplasm, the G3P made during photosynthesis is usually used to synthesize fructose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate, which can be used to form
Sucrose
Most plant transport the fixed carbon in the form of the transport sugar.
Sucrose
Most plants combine glucose and fructose to produce ___ which is the major transport sugar.
Sucrose
The third and final step of photosynthesis is also known as which of the following?
The light-independent reactions
In bacteria, light-dependent reactions take place in which of the following?
The plasma membrane
Which of these statements are true about the relationship between photosynthesis and cell respiration?
The producers of cell respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis. The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cell respiration.
What is ultimately the main source of energy for almost all living cells on Earth?
The sun
How are the equation for photosynthesis in plants and the equation for cellular respiration related?
They are reverse of each other
What is the net gain of the Calvin Cycle?
Two molecules of G3P
In photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced to glucose using electrons from the oxidation of ____: in respiration, ___ is oxidized to CO2 using O2 as the final electron acceptor.
Water Glucose
Anoxygenic bacteria have how many photosystems?
one
Almost all photosynthetic organisms capture light using ______.
photosystems
