Ch. 9 and 10

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fractional TI

T-carrier line that home and small business users purchase, in which they share a connection to a T1 line with other users

T3 line

T-carrier line that is equal to 28 T-1 lines

driver

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

Dock

contains icons used to run applications, display minimized windows, and access documents

backup and restore

copies selected files or the contents of an entire storage medium to another storage location

FTTB (Fiber to the Building)

dedicated line used by small businesses to access the Internet via fiber-optic cables

client operating systems

desktop operating systems that work in conjunction with a server operating system

receiving device

device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information

sending device

device that initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions, or informations

scroll bars

displays different portions of documents

taskbar

displays pinned app buttons that always are on taskbar and app buttons for apps that are running

partitioning

dividing a hard drive in separate logical storage areas (partitions) that appear as distinct drives

Google Drive

drive that provides access to emails, contacts, calendar, photos, files, and more

node

each computer or device on the network; often share resources, such as printers, large hard drives, and programs; they are often connected via cables

optical fiber

each strand of fiber-optic cable

bug

errors in a program

5G

fifth generation of cellular transmission

1G

first generation of cellular transmission

4G

fourth generation of cellular transmission

service pack

free downloadable updates provided by software makers for users who have registered and/or activated their software

queue

group of files waiting in the buffer to be printed

communications device

hardware capable of transfering items from computers and devices to transmission media and vice versa

thrashing

occurs when an operating system spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software

EDI (electronic data interchange)

standard that defines how business documents transmit across transmission media

mobile operating system

the operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics

clients

the other computers and mobile devices on a network that rely on the server for its resources

network administrator

the person overseeing network operations

ATM

(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)- a service that carries voices, data, video, and media at very high speeds

LTE

(Long Term Evolution) Short for Long Term Evolution; a network standard that defines how high-speed cellular transmissions use broadcast radio to transmit data for mobile communications

UMB

(Ultra Mobile Broadband) a 4G standard for cellular transmission

wireless access point

(WAP): A central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network using wireless technologies

Wi-Fi

(wireless fidelity) Broadband Internet connection that uses radio signals to provide connections to computers and devices with built in Wi-Fi capability or a communications device that enables Wi-Fi connectivity

mobile broadband wireless router

472

wireless LAN (WLAN)

A LAN that uses no physical wires

Boot Camp

Apple programs that enables you to install Windows on an Apple computer

Safari

Apple's browser

iCloud

Apple's cloud server

Macintosh operating system (MAC OS)

Apple's operating system

upward compatible

Applications that may not run on new versions of an operating system

DSL

Broadband Internet connection provided through the telephone network via a DSL modem

fixed wireless

Broadband Internet connection that uses a dish-shaped antenna on a building, such as a house or business, to communicate with a tower location via radio signals

FTTP (Fiber to the Premises)

Broadband Internet connection that uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access via a modem

Live CD

CD that can be used to start the computer

mobile device management (MDM)

Company policy that outlines and educates employees about safe mobile device use

FTTH (Fiber to the Home)

Dedicated line that provides home users with Internet access via fiber-optic cable

hardware firewall

Device intended to stop network intrusions before they attempt to affect your computer or network malicious

peer

Each computer on a peer-to-peer network

virtual machine (VM)

Environment on a computer in which you can install and run an operating system and programs

automatic update

Feature can be configured to download and install updates automatically. (or) Feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service; a 2G standard for cellular transmission

Gbps

Gigabytes per second

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communications; a 2G standard for cellular transmission

Chrome OS

Google's Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

Google Play

Google's app store that provides access to apps, songs, books, and movies

network standard

Guidelines that specify the way computers access the medium to which they are connected, the type(s) of medium used, teh speeds used on different types of networks, and the type(s) of physical cable and/or the wireless technology used

multiplexing

ISDN line technique of carrying three or more signals at once

capping

ISP practice of providing a certain amount of data at the optimal speed; once the customer used his or her allotted amount, Internet access is restricted, slowed, or incurs additional costs

throttling

ISP practice of reducing upload and download speeds of certain high-data users at peak times in order not to tie up network resources for a small pool of users

IrDA

Infrared Data Association standard for devices to transmit data wirelessly to each other via infrared (IR) light waves

memory resident

Instructions that remain in memory while the computer or mobile device is running

nonresident

Instructions that remain on a storage medium until they are needed, at which time they transfer into memory

broadband

Internet connection with fast data-transfer speeds and an always-on connection. (or) Transmission media that transmits multiple signals simultaneously

IP hacking

Internet security threat that occurs when cyber-thieves tap into home routers or cable modems or other Internet access points to intercept a paid Internet service

Fire OS

Linux based operating system for Amazon Kindle tables and Amazon Fire phones

Firefox OS

Linux based operating system for Amazon Kindle tables and Amazon Fire phones

transmission media

Materials or substances capable of carrying one or more communications signals

Mbps

Megabytes per second

Internet Explorer

Microsoft's browser

OneDrive

Microsoft's cloud server

TCP/IP

Network protocol that defines how messages (data) are routed from one end of a network to the other, ensuring the data arrives correctly. Short for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

real-time operating system (RTOS)

Operating system used by an embedded computer

file-sharing network

P2P network configuration on which users access each other's hard drives and exchange files directly via a file sharing program

extranet

Portion of a company's network that allows customers or suppliers to access part of it intranet

iOS

Proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices

RFID

Radio frequency identification; technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person

microwaves

Radio waves that provide a high-speed signal transmission

boot disk

Removable media, such as a CD or a USB flash drive, that contains only the necessary operating system files required to start the computer

line-of-sight transmission

Requirements that the sending device and the receiving device must be in line with each other so that nothing obstructs the path of the infrared light wave

open source software

Software provided for use, modification, and redistribution and has not restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification of the software's internal instruction on its redistribution

Live USB

USB flash drive that can be used to start the computer

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

Unique identity of every mobile device that allows it to communicate with a cell tower

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System; a 3G standard for cellular transmission

command-line interface

User interface in which users type commands represented by short keywords or abbreviation or press special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions

natural user interface (NUI)

User interface with which users interact with the software through ordinary, intuitive behavior

cable modem

a broadband modem that sends and receives digital data over the CATV network

ISDN modem

a broadband modem that sends digital data and information from a computer to an ISDN line and receives digital data and information from an ISDN line

DSL modem

a broadband modem that sends digital data nd information from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital dat and information from a DSL

network

a collection of computers and mobile devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

router

a communication device that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network

dial-up modem

a communications device that converts digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals, so that data can travel along an analog phone line

network interface card (NIC)

a communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network

network card

a communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have built-in-networking capability to access a network

broadband modem

a communications device that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line

digital modem

a communications device that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line

desktop operating system

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

stand-alone operating system

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

server

a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network. (or) computer that controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

wireless router

a device that performs the functions of a router and also a wireless access point

broadband router

a device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a cable or DSL modem

broadband wireless router

a device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a cable or DSL modem

hub

a device that provides a central point for cables in a network

switch

a device that provides a central point for cables in a network

cellular radio

a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile communications, specifically wireless and modems and mobile phones

touch user interface

a graphical user interface designed for touch input

metropolitan area network (MAN)

a high-speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area, such as a city or town, and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region

UNIX

a multitasking operating systme developed in the early 1970's by scientists at Bell Laboratories

server operating system

a multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

GPS

a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver's geographic location

global positioning system

a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver's geographic location

UWB (ultra-wideband)

a network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other

Ethernet

a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted

local area network (LAN)

a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building

personal area network (PAN)

a network that connects computers and devices in an individual's workspace using wired and wireless technology

wide area network (WAN)

a network that covers a large geographic area (such as a city, country, or the world) using a variety of wired and wireless transmission media

desktop

a personal computer designed to be in a stationary

Linux

a popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices

virtual memory

a portion of a storage medium such as a hard drive or USB flash drive, that the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM

password

a private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer, mobile device, or network resources

device-dependent

a program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer or mobile device

performance monitor

a program that accesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

PC maintenance

a program that identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer's performance

print spooler

a program that intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in the queue

Blackberry operating system

a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on Blackberry smartphones and Blackberry tablets

Windows Phone

a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones

802.11

a series of network standards that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other

operating system (OS)

a set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware

peer-to-peer (P2P) network

a simple, inexpensive network architecture that typically connects fewer than 10 computers

device drive

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

The Open Group

now owns UNIX as a trademark

communications satellite

a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth-based station, amplifies (strengthens) the signals, and broadcasts the signals back over a wide area to any number of earth-based stations

token

a special series of bits that function like a ticket

Chromebox

a specialized desktop that runs Chrome OS

Chromebook

a specialized laptop that runs Chrome OS

protocol

a standard that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate on a network

value added network (VAN)

a third-party business that provides networking services, such as EDI services, secure data and information transfer, storage, or email

image viewer

a tool that allows user to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file, such as a photo

screen saver

a tool that causes a display device's screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no key

file manager

a tool that performs functions related to displaying files in folders; and copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files (or) a tool that performs functions related to file management

uninstaller

a tool that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files

disk defragmenter

a tool that reorganizes the files and used space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs and apps run faster

search

a tool usually included with an operating system that attempts to locate a file on your computer or mobile device based on criteria you specify

ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber time)

a type of DSL that supports faster downstream rates

body area network (BAN)

a type of PAN that wirelessly connects sensors worn by, carried by, implanted in, or attached to a human body, sometimes called a body sensor network

dedicated line

a type of always-on physical connection that is established between two communications device

user name

a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet or numbers, that identifies one specific user, (log on name or sign on name

broadcast

a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances such as between cities, regions, and countries and short distances, such as within an office or home

bloatware

additional programs and apps included with an operating system

cross-platform application

an application that runs the same on multiple operating systems

microwave station

an earth-based reflective dish that contains the antenna, transceivers, and other equipment necessary for microwave communications

noise

an electrical disturbance that can degrade communications

intranet

an internal network that uses Internet technologies

Android

an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

multitasking

an operating system that allows two or more that can function as both desktop and server operating systems

T-carrier line

any of several types of long-distance digital phone lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line

swap file

area of the hard drive used for virtual memory

cable Internet service

broadband Internet access provided through the cable television network via a cable modem

Digital Subscriber Line

broadband Internet connection provided through the telephone network via a DSL modem

sleep mode

computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to RAM, turns off all unneeded function, and then places the computer in a low power state

hibernate mode

computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device

host computer

computer that controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

ribbon

consists of tabs, groups, and commands that provide access to tasks

Siri

iOS voice recognition app that enables you to speak instructions or questions to which it takes actions or responds with speech output

OS X

latest version of Apple's operating system

wireless modem

modem that uses a wireless communications technology (such as cellular radio, satellite, or Wi-Fi network) to connect to the Internet

home network

multiple computers and devices connected together by home users

client/server network

network in which one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server

firmware

on a mobile device the operating system may reside on this, consists of ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions

multiuser

operating system that enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

multipurpose operating systems

operating systems that can function as both desktop and server operating systems

device-independent

operating systems that run on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufacturers

coax

physical transmission media that consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers 1- an insulating material, 2- a woven or braided metal, 3- a plastic outer coating

coaxial cable

physical transmission media that consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers 1- an insulating material, 2- a woven or braided metal, 3- a plastic outer coating

fiber-optic cable

physical transmission media that consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals

twisted-pair cable

physical transmission media that consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together

user interface (UI)

portion of software that controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

status bar

presents information about documents, progress of certain tasks, status of certain commands, and keys, and controls for viewing document

communications software

programs and apps that 1-help users establish connection to another computer, mobile device, or network, 2-

background

programs that are running, but not in use

foreground

programs with which the user currently is interacting

2G

second generation of cellular transmission

Bluebugging

security risk that occurs when cyberthieves exploit Bluetooth devices that have been paired

buffer

segments of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device

electronic funds transfer (EFT)

service in which user connected to a network can exchange money from one account to another via transmission media

permissions

settings used to define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources

ISDN

short for Integrated Services Digital Network; a set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper phone lines

icons

shortcuts to apps or other content

tiles

shortcuts to apps or other content

file compression

shrink the size of a file

packets

small pieces into which messages are divided by TCP/IP

mobile hot spot

smartphones that can function as a wireless modem when tethered to a personal computer or mobile device

network monitoring software

software that constantly assesses the status of a network and sends an email or text message, usually to the network administrator

proprietary software

software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model

packet sniffer software

software that monitors and logs packet traffic for later analysis

token ring

standard that specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal, called a token, in a unidirectional manner and in a preset order

Window Phone Store

store that provides access to additional Windows apps and software updates

iTunes Store

store that provides access to music, books, podcasts, ringtones, and movies

packet switching

technique of breaking a message into individual packets, sending the packets along the best route available, and then reassembling the data

paging

technique of swapping items between memory and storage

Plug and Play

technology that gives a computer the capability to recognize peripheral devices as you install them

radio frequency identification

technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person

Tbps

terabits per second

wireless Ethernet

term sometimes used to refer to Wi-Fi because it uses techniques similar to the Ethernet standard to specify how physically to configure a wireless network

backward compatible

term used to refer to a program's or device's capability of supporting older programs or devices, as well as new programs or devices

platform

term used to refer to the operating system that a computer uses, because applications are said to run "on top of" it, or because the it supports the applications

page

the amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time

bandwidth

the amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over transmission media

net neutrality

the concept of an open internet, accessible to all users, without interference from ISPs or other third-parties

network architecture

the configurations of computers, devices, and media in a network

kernel

the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information

boot drive

the drive from which your personal computer startes

Recycle Bin

the location for files that have been deleted

T1 line

the most popular T-carrier line

virtualization

the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources such as servers and storage devices

encryption

the process of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access

warm boot

the process of restarting a computer or mobile device while it remains powered on

spooling

the process of sending documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer

cold boot

the process of starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is powered off completely

booting

the process of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device

command language

the set of commands used to control actions in a command line interface

latency

the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network

upstream rate

the transfer rate that is achieved when data is being received on a communications channel

downstream rate

the transfer rate that is achieved when data is being sent over a communications channel

telemedicine

the use of communications and information technology to provide and assist with medical care

3G

third generation of cellular transmission

sign in

to access resources on a network or computer

disk cleanup

tool that searches for and removes unnecessary files

recovery media

tool that uses logs and/or backups, and either a roll forward or a rollback technique, to restore a database when it becomes damaged or destroyed

downlink

transmission from a satellite to an earth-based station

uplink

transmission from an earth-based station to a satellite

communications channel

transmission media on which data, instructions, or information travel in a communications system

twisted-pair wire

two seperate insulated copper wires that are twisted together

administrator account

type of account typically held by computer owners or network administrators that enables them to access all files and programs, install programs, and specify settings that affect all users on a computer, mobile device, or network

near field communications

type of wireless connection that uses close-range radio signals

NFC

type of wireless connection that uses close-range signals to transmit data between two NFC-enabled devices

graphical user interface (GUI)

user interface with which you interact with menus an visual images by touching, pointing, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands

Wallet

windows app that provides a centralized location for coupons, credit cards, loyalty cards, and memberships in a single, easily accessible location

Bluetooth

wireless communication technology that uses short-range radio signals to transmit data between two Bluetooth-enabled computers or devices to communicate with each other


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