Ch. 9 and 10
fractional TI
T-carrier line that home and small business users purchase, in which they share a connection to a T1 line with other users
T3 line
T-carrier line that is equal to 28 T-1 lines
driver
a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device
Dock
contains icons used to run applications, display minimized windows, and access documents
backup and restore
copies selected files or the contents of an entire storage medium to another storage location
FTTB (Fiber to the Building)
dedicated line used by small businesses to access the Internet via fiber-optic cables
client operating systems
desktop operating systems that work in conjunction with a server operating system
receiving device
device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information
sending device
device that initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions, or informations
scroll bars
displays different portions of documents
taskbar
displays pinned app buttons that always are on taskbar and app buttons for apps that are running
partitioning
dividing a hard drive in separate logical storage areas (partitions) that appear as distinct drives
Google Drive
drive that provides access to emails, contacts, calendar, photos, files, and more
node
each computer or device on the network; often share resources, such as printers, large hard drives, and programs; they are often connected via cables
optical fiber
each strand of fiber-optic cable
bug
errors in a program
5G
fifth generation of cellular transmission
1G
first generation of cellular transmission
4G
fourth generation of cellular transmission
service pack
free downloadable updates provided by software makers for users who have registered and/or activated their software
queue
group of files waiting in the buffer to be printed
communications device
hardware capable of transfering items from computers and devices to transmission media and vice versa
thrashing
occurs when an operating system spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software
EDI (electronic data interchange)
standard that defines how business documents transmit across transmission media
mobile operating system
the operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics
clients
the other computers and mobile devices on a network that rely on the server for its resources
network administrator
the person overseeing network operations
ATM
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)- a service that carries voices, data, video, and media at very high speeds
LTE
(Long Term Evolution) Short for Long Term Evolution; a network standard that defines how high-speed cellular transmissions use broadcast radio to transmit data for mobile communications
UMB
(Ultra Mobile Broadband) a 4G standard for cellular transmission
wireless access point
(WAP): A central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network using wireless technologies
Wi-Fi
(wireless fidelity) Broadband Internet connection that uses radio signals to provide connections to computers and devices with built in Wi-Fi capability or a communications device that enables Wi-Fi connectivity
mobile broadband wireless router
472
wireless LAN (WLAN)
A LAN that uses no physical wires
Boot Camp
Apple programs that enables you to install Windows on an Apple computer
Safari
Apple's browser
iCloud
Apple's cloud server
Macintosh operating system (MAC OS)
Apple's operating system
upward compatible
Applications that may not run on new versions of an operating system
DSL
Broadband Internet connection provided through the telephone network via a DSL modem
fixed wireless
Broadband Internet connection that uses a dish-shaped antenna on a building, such as a house or business, to communicate with a tower location via radio signals
FTTP (Fiber to the Premises)
Broadband Internet connection that uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access via a modem
Live CD
CD that can be used to start the computer
mobile device management (MDM)
Company policy that outlines and educates employees about safe mobile device use
FTTH (Fiber to the Home)
Dedicated line that provides home users with Internet access via fiber-optic cable
hardware firewall
Device intended to stop network intrusions before they attempt to affect your computer or network malicious
peer
Each computer on a peer-to-peer network
virtual machine (VM)
Environment on a computer in which you can install and run an operating system and programs
automatic update
Feature can be configured to download and install updates automatically. (or) Feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to the program
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service; a 2G standard for cellular transmission
Gbps
Gigabytes per second
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications; a 2G standard for cellular transmission
Chrome OS
Google's Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps
Google Play
Google's app store that provides access to apps, songs, books, and movies
network standard
Guidelines that specify the way computers access the medium to which they are connected, the type(s) of medium used, teh speeds used on different types of networks, and the type(s) of physical cable and/or the wireless technology used
multiplexing
ISDN line technique of carrying three or more signals at once
capping
ISP practice of providing a certain amount of data at the optimal speed; once the customer used his or her allotted amount, Internet access is restricted, slowed, or incurs additional costs
throttling
ISP practice of reducing upload and download speeds of certain high-data users at peak times in order not to tie up network resources for a small pool of users
IrDA
Infrared Data Association standard for devices to transmit data wirelessly to each other via infrared (IR) light waves
memory resident
Instructions that remain in memory while the computer or mobile device is running
nonresident
Instructions that remain on a storage medium until they are needed, at which time they transfer into memory
broadband
Internet connection with fast data-transfer speeds and an always-on connection. (or) Transmission media that transmits multiple signals simultaneously
IP hacking
Internet security threat that occurs when cyber-thieves tap into home routers or cable modems or other Internet access points to intercept a paid Internet service
Fire OS
Linux based operating system for Amazon Kindle tables and Amazon Fire phones
Firefox OS
Linux based operating system for Amazon Kindle tables and Amazon Fire phones
transmission media
Materials or substances capable of carrying one or more communications signals
Mbps
Megabytes per second
Internet Explorer
Microsoft's browser
OneDrive
Microsoft's cloud server
TCP/IP
Network protocol that defines how messages (data) are routed from one end of a network to the other, ensuring the data arrives correctly. Short for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
real-time operating system (RTOS)
Operating system used by an embedded computer
file-sharing network
P2P network configuration on which users access each other's hard drives and exchange files directly via a file sharing program
extranet
Portion of a company's network that allows customers or suppliers to access part of it intranet
iOS
Proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices
RFID
Radio frequency identification; technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person
microwaves
Radio waves that provide a high-speed signal transmission
boot disk
Removable media, such as a CD or a USB flash drive, that contains only the necessary operating system files required to start the computer
line-of-sight transmission
Requirements that the sending device and the receiving device must be in line with each other so that nothing obstructs the path of the infrared light wave
open source software
Software provided for use, modification, and redistribution and has not restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification of the software's internal instruction on its redistribution
Live USB
USB flash drive that can be used to start the computer
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
Unique identity of every mobile device that allows it to communicate with a cell tower
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System; a 3G standard for cellular transmission
command-line interface
User interface in which users type commands represented by short keywords or abbreviation or press special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions
natural user interface (NUI)
User interface with which users interact with the software through ordinary, intuitive behavior
cable modem
a broadband modem that sends and receives digital data over the CATV network
ISDN modem
a broadband modem that sends digital data and information from a computer to an ISDN line and receives digital data and information from an ISDN line
DSL modem
a broadband modem that sends digital data nd information from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital dat and information from a DSL
network
a collection of computers and mobile devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
router
a communication device that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network
dial-up modem
a communications device that converts digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals, so that data can travel along an analog phone line
network interface card (NIC)
a communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network
network card
a communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have built-in-networking capability to access a network
broadband modem
a communications device that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line
digital modem
a communications device that sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line
desktop operating system
a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets
stand-alone operating system
a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets
server
a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network. (or) computer that controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
wireless router
a device that performs the functions of a router and also a wireless access point
broadband router
a device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a cable or DSL modem
broadband wireless router
a device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a cable or DSL modem
hub
a device that provides a central point for cables in a network
switch
a device that provides a central point for cables in a network
cellular radio
a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile communications, specifically wireless and modems and mobile phones
touch user interface
a graphical user interface designed for touch input
metropolitan area network (MAN)
a high-speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area, such as a city or town, and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region
UNIX
a multitasking operating systme developed in the early 1970's by scientists at Bell Laboratories
server operating system
a multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network
GPS
a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver's geographic location
global positioning system
a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver's geographic location
UWB (ultra-wideband)
a network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other
Ethernet
a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted
local area network (LAN)
a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building
personal area network (PAN)
a network that connects computers and devices in an individual's workspace using wired and wireless technology
wide area network (WAN)
a network that covers a large geographic area (such as a city, country, or the world) using a variety of wired and wireless transmission media
desktop
a personal computer designed to be in a stationary
Linux
a popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices
virtual memory
a portion of a storage medium such as a hard drive or USB flash drive, that the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM
password
a private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer, mobile device, or network resources
device-dependent
a program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer or mobile device
performance monitor
a program that accesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices
PC maintenance
a program that identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer's performance
print spooler
a program that intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in the queue
Blackberry operating system
a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on Blackberry smartphones and Blackberry tablets
Windows Phone
a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones
802.11
a series of network standards that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other
operating system (OS)
a set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware
peer-to-peer (P2P) network
a simple, inexpensive network architecture that typically connects fewer than 10 computers
device drive
a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device
The Open Group
now owns UNIX as a trademark
communications satellite
a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth-based station, amplifies (strengthens) the signals, and broadcasts the signals back over a wide area to any number of earth-based stations
token
a special series of bits that function like a ticket
Chromebox
a specialized desktop that runs Chrome OS
Chromebook
a specialized laptop that runs Chrome OS
protocol
a standard that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate on a network
value added network (VAN)
a third-party business that provides networking services, such as EDI services, secure data and information transfer, storage, or email
image viewer
a tool that allows user to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file, such as a photo
screen saver
a tool that causes a display device's screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no key
file manager
a tool that performs functions related to displaying files in folders; and copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files (or) a tool that performs functions related to file management
uninstaller
a tool that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files
disk defragmenter
a tool that reorganizes the files and used space on a computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs and apps run faster
search
a tool usually included with an operating system that attempts to locate a file on your computer or mobile device based on criteria you specify
ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber time)
a type of DSL that supports faster downstream rates
body area network (BAN)
a type of PAN that wirelessly connects sensors worn by, carried by, implanted in, or attached to a human body, sometimes called a body sensor network
dedicated line
a type of always-on physical connection that is established between two communications device
user name
a unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet or numbers, that identifies one specific user, (log on name or sign on name
broadcast
a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances such as between cities, regions, and countries and short distances, such as within an office or home
bloatware
additional programs and apps included with an operating system
cross-platform application
an application that runs the same on multiple operating systems
microwave station
an earth-based reflective dish that contains the antenna, transceivers, and other equipment necessary for microwave communications
noise
an electrical disturbance that can degrade communications
intranet
an internal network that uses Internet technologies
Android
an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets
multitasking
an operating system that allows two or more that can function as both desktop and server operating systems
T-carrier line
any of several types of long-distance digital phone lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line
swap file
area of the hard drive used for virtual memory
cable Internet service
broadband Internet access provided through the cable television network via a cable modem
Digital Subscriber Line
broadband Internet connection provided through the telephone network via a DSL modem
sleep mode
computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to RAM, turns off all unneeded function, and then places the computer in a low power state
hibernate mode
computer power option that saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device
host computer
computer that controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
ribbon
consists of tabs, groups, and commands that provide access to tasks
Siri
iOS voice recognition app that enables you to speak instructions or questions to which it takes actions or responds with speech output
OS X
latest version of Apple's operating system
wireless modem
modem that uses a wireless communications technology (such as cellular radio, satellite, or Wi-Fi network) to connect to the Internet
home network
multiple computers and devices connected together by home users
client/server network
network in which one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server
firmware
on a mobile device the operating system may reside on this, consists of ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions
multiuser
operating system that enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously
multipurpose operating systems
operating systems that can function as both desktop and server operating systems
device-independent
operating systems that run on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufacturers
coax
physical transmission media that consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers 1- an insulating material, 2- a woven or braided metal, 3- a plastic outer coating
coaxial cable
physical transmission media that consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers 1- an insulating material, 2- a woven or braided metal, 3- a plastic outer coating
fiber-optic cable
physical transmission media that consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals
twisted-pair cable
physical transmission media that consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together
user interface (UI)
portion of software that controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen
status bar
presents information about documents, progress of certain tasks, status of certain commands, and keys, and controls for viewing document
communications software
programs and apps that 1-help users establish connection to another computer, mobile device, or network, 2-
background
programs that are running, but not in use
foreground
programs with which the user currently is interacting
2G
second generation of cellular transmission
Bluebugging
security risk that occurs when cyberthieves exploit Bluetooth devices that have been paired
buffer
segments of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device
electronic funds transfer (EFT)
service in which user connected to a network can exchange money from one account to another via transmission media
permissions
settings used to define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources
ISDN
short for Integrated Services Digital Network; a set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper phone lines
icons
shortcuts to apps or other content
tiles
shortcuts to apps or other content
file compression
shrink the size of a file
packets
small pieces into which messages are divided by TCP/IP
mobile hot spot
smartphones that can function as a wireless modem when tethered to a personal computer or mobile device
network monitoring software
software that constantly assesses the status of a network and sends an email or text message, usually to the network administrator
proprietary software
software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model
packet sniffer software
software that monitors and logs packet traffic for later analysis
token ring
standard that specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal, called a token, in a unidirectional manner and in a preset order
Window Phone Store
store that provides access to additional Windows apps and software updates
iTunes Store
store that provides access to music, books, podcasts, ringtones, and movies
packet switching
technique of breaking a message into individual packets, sending the packets along the best route available, and then reassembling the data
paging
technique of swapping items between memory and storage
Plug and Play
technology that gives a computer the capability to recognize peripheral devices as you install them
radio frequency identification
technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person
Tbps
terabits per second
wireless Ethernet
term sometimes used to refer to Wi-Fi because it uses techniques similar to the Ethernet standard to specify how physically to configure a wireless network
backward compatible
term used to refer to a program's or device's capability of supporting older programs or devices, as well as new programs or devices
platform
term used to refer to the operating system that a computer uses, because applications are said to run "on top of" it, or because the it supports the applications
page
the amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time
bandwidth
the amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over transmission media
net neutrality
the concept of an open internet, accessible to all users, without interference from ISPs or other third-parties
network architecture
the configurations of computers, devices, and media in a network
kernel
the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information
boot drive
the drive from which your personal computer startes
Recycle Bin
the location for files that have been deleted
T1 line
the most popular T-carrier line
virtualization
the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources such as servers and storage devices
encryption
the process of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access
warm boot
the process of restarting a computer or mobile device while it remains powered on
spooling
the process of sending documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer
cold boot
the process of starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is powered off completely
booting
the process of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device
command language
the set of commands used to control actions in a command line interface
latency
the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network
upstream rate
the transfer rate that is achieved when data is being received on a communications channel
downstream rate
the transfer rate that is achieved when data is being sent over a communications channel
telemedicine
the use of communications and information technology to provide and assist with medical care
3G
third generation of cellular transmission
sign in
to access resources on a network or computer
disk cleanup
tool that searches for and removes unnecessary files
recovery media
tool that uses logs and/or backups, and either a roll forward or a rollback technique, to restore a database when it becomes damaged or destroyed
downlink
transmission from a satellite to an earth-based station
uplink
transmission from an earth-based station to a satellite
communications channel
transmission media on which data, instructions, or information travel in a communications system
twisted-pair wire
two seperate insulated copper wires that are twisted together
administrator account
type of account typically held by computer owners or network administrators that enables them to access all files and programs, install programs, and specify settings that affect all users on a computer, mobile device, or network
near field communications
type of wireless connection that uses close-range radio signals
NFC
type of wireless connection that uses close-range signals to transmit data between two NFC-enabled devices
graphical user interface (GUI)
user interface with which you interact with menus an visual images by touching, pointing, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands
Wallet
windows app that provides a centralized location for coupons, credit cards, loyalty cards, and memberships in a single, easily accessible location
Bluetooth
wireless communication technology that uses short-range radio signals to transmit data between two Bluetooth-enabled computers or devices to communicate with each other