Ch 9

The principle of ________ suggests that some situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given trait.

trait activation

Transfer of training can be fostered if organizations create a climate for _____ —an environment that can support the use of new skills.

transfer

Employees working in different countries tended to prioritize different ______, and those values clustered into several distinct dimensions.

values

Less neurotic people tend to hold an internal locus of control, meaning that they believe that their own _____dictates events.

behavior

Research suggests that almost everyone engages in some form of faking —______ your responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion.

exaggerating

Easiest to judge in zero acquaintance situations — situations in which two people have only just ____.

met

How does personality develop?

nature vs nurture

Neuroticism is Synonymous with _____ affectivity —a dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance.

negative

About one-third of Fortune 1000 organizations rely on, or plan to implement, some form of _____ testing.

personality

Neuroticism is Associated with a differential exposure to stressors, meaning that neurotic people are more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as ______.

stressful.

______people focus on "getting along," not necessarily "getting ahead."

Agreeable

____ - warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous.

Agreeableness

_________Prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.

Agreeableness

stressors

Associated with a differential reactivity to stressors, meaning that neurotic people are less likely to believe they can cope with the _____ that they experience.

counterproductive

Because everyone fakes to some degree, correlations with outcomes like theft or other ____ behaviors are relatively unaffected.

_________ ask applicants about their attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs about the frequency of dishonesty, endorsements of common rationalizations for dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confessions of past dishonesty.

Clear purpose tests

_____employees prioritize accomplishment striving, which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality.

Conscientious

_______ affects job performance. It is a key driver of what's referred to as typical performance, reflecting performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks. More likely to engage in citizenship behaviors. Tend to be more committed to their organization.

Conscientiousness

_________ - dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering.

Conscientiousness

________ is defined as a propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong."

Ethnocentrism

______ is also strongly related to locus of control, which reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or to the external environment.

Neuroticism

______- nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous.

Neuroticism

________Tend to hold an external locus of control, meaning that they often believe that the events that occur around them are driven by luck, chance, or fate.

Neurotics

_____ is Also called "Inquisitiveness" or "Intellectualness" or even "Culture."

Openness

_____to experience - curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.

Openness

______refers to the structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.

Personality

extraversion

Prioritize status striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality.

Holland's _____ model suggests that interests can be summarized by six different personality types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional

RIASEC

Nature is

Study of identical twins Genes

Nurture

Surrounding Experiences

situational

The principle of______ strength suggests that "strong situations" have clear behavioral expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important, whereas "weak situations" lack those cues.

logic; feelings

Thinking (approaching decisions with____ and critical analysis) versus Feeling (approaching decisions with an emphasis on others' needs and _____).

_____are defined as recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their environment.

Traits

personality

Veiled purpose tests assess more general ______ traits that are associated with dishonest acts.

Extraversion

______ - talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant.

Integrity

______tests focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors.

Cultural

_____values, defined as shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture, influence the expression of a person's traits.

An employee's _______ is a key driver of maximum performance, reflecting performance in brief, special circumstances that demand a person's best effort.

ability

Conscientiousness has the ______ influence on job performance.

biggest

Personality _____ what people are like.

captures

Sensing (preferring clear and ____ facts and data) versus Intuition (preferring hunches and speculations based on _____and imagination).

concrete; theory

Openness to experience is also more likely to be valuable in jobs that require high levels of ____, defined as the capacity to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions.

creativity

Beneficial in some positions but _______in others.

detrimental

Extraversion (being ____ by people and social interactions) versus Introversion (being energized by private time and reflection).

energized; private

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (or MBTI) evaluates individuals on the basis of four types of preferences:

extraversion vs introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging vs perceving

Judging (approaching tasks by planning and setting _____) versus Perceiving (preferring to have flexibility and _______ when performing tasks).

goals; spontaneity

Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Values

individualism vs collectivism, high or low power distance, high or low certainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, short term vs long term orientation

Highly ______individuals are more likely to migrate into artistic and scientific fields.

open

Extraverts Tend to be high in what's called _________— a dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.

positive affectivity