Ch 9
The principle of ________ suggests that some situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given trait.
trait activation
Transfer of training can be fostered if organizations create a climate for _____ —an environment that can support the use of new skills.
transfer
Employees working in different countries tended to prioritize different ______, and those values clustered into several distinct dimensions.
values
Less neurotic people tend to hold an internal locus of control, meaning that they believe that their own _____dictates events.
behavior
Research suggests that almost everyone engages in some form of faking —______ your responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion.
exaggerating
Easiest to judge in zero acquaintance situations — situations in which two people have only just ____.
met
How does personality develop?
nature vs nurture
Neuroticism is Synonymous with _____ affectivity —a dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance.
negative
About one-third of Fortune 1000 organizations rely on, or plan to implement, some form of _____ testing.
personality
Neuroticism is Associated with a differential exposure to stressors, meaning that neurotic people are more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as ______.
stressful.
______people focus on "getting along," not necessarily "getting ahead."
Agreeable
____ - warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous.
Agreeableness
_________Prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.
Agreeableness
stressors
Associated with a differential reactivity to stressors, meaning that neurotic people are less likely to believe they can cope with the _____ that they experience.
counterproductive
Because everyone fakes to some degree, correlations with outcomes like theft or other ____ behaviors are relatively unaffected.
_________ ask applicants about their attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs about the frequency of dishonesty, endorsements of common rationalizations for dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confessions of past dishonesty.
Clear purpose tests
_____employees prioritize accomplishment striving, which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality.
Conscientious
_______ affects job performance. It is a key driver of what's referred to as typical performance, reflecting performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks. More likely to engage in citizenship behaviors. Tend to be more committed to their organization.
Conscientiousness
_________ - dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering.
Conscientiousness
________ is defined as a propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong."
Ethnocentrism
______ is also strongly related to locus of control, which reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or to the external environment.
Neuroticism
______- nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous.
Neuroticism
________Tend to hold an external locus of control, meaning that they often believe that the events that occur around them are driven by luck, chance, or fate.
Neurotics
_____ is Also called "Inquisitiveness" or "Intellectualness" or even "Culture."
Openness
_____to experience - curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.
Openness
______refers to the structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.
Personality
extraversion
Prioritize status striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality.
Holland's _____ model suggests that interests can be summarized by six different personality types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional
RIASEC
Nature is
Study of identical twins Genes
Nurture
Surrounding Experiences
situational
The principle of______ strength suggests that "strong situations" have clear behavioral expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important, whereas "weak situations" lack those cues.
logic; feelings
Thinking (approaching decisions with____ and critical analysis) versus Feeling (approaching decisions with an emphasis on others' needs and _____).
_____are defined as recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their environment.
Traits
personality
Veiled purpose tests assess more general ______ traits that are associated with dishonest acts.
Extraversion
______ - talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant.
Integrity
______tests focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors.
Cultural
_____values, defined as shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture, influence the expression of a person's traits.
An employee's _______ is a key driver of maximum performance, reflecting performance in brief, special circumstances that demand a person's best effort.
ability
Conscientiousness has the ______ influence on job performance.
biggest
Personality _____ what people are like.
captures
Sensing (preferring clear and ____ facts and data) versus Intuition (preferring hunches and speculations based on _____and imagination).
concrete; theory
Openness to experience is also more likely to be valuable in jobs that require high levels of ____, defined as the capacity to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions.
creativity
Beneficial in some positions but _______in others.
detrimental
Extraversion (being ____ by people and social interactions) versus Introversion (being energized by private time and reflection).
energized; private
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (or MBTI) evaluates individuals on the basis of four types of preferences:
extraversion vs introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging vs perceving
Judging (approaching tasks by planning and setting _____) versus Perceiving (preferring to have flexibility and _______ when performing tasks).
goals; spontaneity
Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Values
individualism vs collectivism, high or low power distance, high or low certainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, short term vs long term orientation
Highly ______individuals are more likely to migrate into artistic and scientific fields.
open
Extraverts Tend to be high in what's called _________— a dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.
positive affectivity