Ch 9-World Geography

route constructed to transport agricultural products from the Amazon river basin to ports in Peru

Transoceanic Highway

How can El Niño negatively affect fishing?

by reducing the number of small organisms at the bottom of the food chain

The Andes consist of altiplanos, or groups of several mountain ranges that run parallel to one another.

False

With some 19 million residents, ________, is the most populous city in the Southern Hemisphere.

São Paulo, Brazil

How can herding livestock lead to desertification?

The livestock damages plants by eating them down to nearly ground level.

Rain forests are home to about ________ all the plant and animal species on Earth.

50 percent

a country in which most people speak Portuguese

Brazil

Because the Eastern Highlands of Brazil slope gently to the Atlantic Ocean, forming a peninsula, most Brazilians live along the coast.

False

The tierra helada and the puna are the lowest vertical climate zones in South America.

False

What South American lake lies on the border between Bolivia and Peru?

Lake Titicaca

Rapid growth of the El Alto, Bolivia, has resulted in the pollution of

Lake Titicaca.

the country that has legalized the growing of the coca plant

Peru

Which two European groups were the first to colonize South America?

Spanish and Portuguese

How do favelas contribute to pollution?

They are sources of untreated sewage.

route constructed to transport mineral and timber from the Amazon rain forest

Trans-Amazon Highway

The Amazon rain forest has more biodiversity per square mile than any other place on Earth.

True

The llanos and the pampas are two grasslands areas in South America.

True

the major petroleum-exporting country in South America

Venezuela

What feature of the Inca Empire made it easier for the Spanish to conquer it?

a network of roads that connected the empire

The early South American societies of the Moche, Mapuche, and Aymara were based primarily on

agriculture.

Less well known than the Amazon rain forest, the ________ Forest is also threatened and now covers less than 10 percent of its original area.

atlantic

When highly educated and highly skilled workers emigrate to other countries, their native country suffers a(n)

brain drain.

Paraguay has acted on environmental concerns by banning ________ in its eastern region.

deforestation

Overgrazing of livestock and deforestation are major causes of ________ in South America.

desertification

The climate zones above the tree line in the Andes

have permanent ice and snow.

In recent years, the potential wealth to be gained through ________ has caused deforestation and the pollution of waterways in Peru.

illegal mining

Because it depletes the soil of nutrients, ________ is hard on the land and causes soil to lose fertility.

monoculture

One way farmers can prevent erosion due to the formation of ________ is to apply fertilizers and lime, also known as calcium oxide.

oxisols

What crops are grown in the tierra fría?

potato, barley, and quinoa

What is the sparsely populated desert along the coast of Peru and Chile?

the Atacama Desert