CH. LearnSMART Quiz

Children begin the transition from saying simple to more complex sentences

between 2-3 years of age

In early childhood, executive function involves which of the following developmental advances?

cognitive inhibition goal-setting cognitive flexibility

Vygotsky's theory stressed the importance of sociocultural influences on children's development, which fits the belief that it is important to evaluate

contextual factors in learning

Early Head Start serves children

from birth to age 3

preoperational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) - represent the world through words Form stable concepts Egocentrism and magical beliefs

theory of mind

people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

In the English language, the letters "thr" may be combined as in the word "throat." However, the letters may not be combined in the order "rht." This is an example of

phonology

Preschool children tend to compare things in a haphazard way, whereas elementary school age children exhibit ______ by comparing two items systematically, one detail at a time.

planfulness

Rebecca, a six-year-old girl, is very good at carrying on conversations with people. Her two-year-old brother Jack is not very good at carrying on conversations. This is primarily due to an increased understanding of

pragmatics

Preschool children's control of attention is deficient. They are likely to pay attention to

salient features rather than relevant features.

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Of the following, the reliability of a young child's eyewitness testimony is probably most highly dependent on the

skills and motivations of the interviewer.

Which of the following emphasizes the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction?

social constructivist approach

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a child who has developed executive function skills?

stimulus driven

The main cause of death in children

Accidents

The brain grows —- in early childhood than in infancy

Less rapidily

Exuctive attention involves

Planning actions, dealing with new situations, monitoring progress, and compensating for errors

Researchers suggest that instruction to enhance U.S. children's ability to read and write should be built on skills that the children already know.

True

A young child who says, "Where Daddy is going?" or "What that girl is doing?" has yet to fully understand which of the following?

auxiliary-inversion rule

Which of the following guidelines assist parents in teaching proper eating habits in their children ?

- preparing a balanced meal with proper representation of the major food groups - modeling healthy eating habits - maintaining a breakfast, lunch, and dinner routine

Which of the following factors influence the accuracy of a young child's memory?

-age differences in susceptibility to suggestion -interviewing techniques that produce substantial distortions -individual differences in susceptibility

The recommended amount of sleep for 3-4 year old children is

10 - 3 hours

Which of the following statements best describe child-centered kindergartens?

Child-centered kindergartens emphasize play. Child-centered kindergartens see children as individuals with their own developmental patterns of growth. Child-centered kindergartens focus on the process of learning, not on what is learned.

What statements best describe the advances in pragmatics in early childhood?

Young children can adapt their speech based on their setting. Young children can learn rules regarding politeness in conversations. Young children are able to present competent narratives.

With regard to young children who are learning English as their first language, all children will

learn the prepositions on and in before other prepositions.

Which theory views children as thinkers who can predict, explain, and understand themselves and others?

theory of mind

Sustained attention is also known as:

vigilance

The two most obvious physical changes seen in early childhood include a growth in height and an increase in ____________

weight

Which of the following are among the current controversies regarding early childhood programs?

whether preschool programs should be universal in the United States what the preschool curriculum should be