ch.07 bone tissue

A shorter, seventy-year-old Chinese woman comes to you with a broken hip. Which test do you order to check for osteoporosis?

A bone mineral density test

Which of the following best describes osseous tissue?

A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

Each of the following complications listed below is a result of a homeostatic calcium imbalance. Which would not be life threatening?

A deficit of appositional bone growth

During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following?

A soft callus

You have a male patient who is about four feet tall with a normal-sized head and trunk but smaller arms and legs. You deduce that they have what condition?

Achondroplastic dwarfism

Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bones?

Calcium

The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?

Intramembranous

A concerned mother brings her young son to you for a check up. She says he stays indoors on the couch all the time, playing video games, and refuses to drink milk or eat dark green leafy vegetables. You tell her that unless he changes his behaviors, he is at risk for what skeletal disorder?

Rickets

Bones in the legs, arms, spine and pelvis grow _____

at different rates

Osseous tissue matrix is composed of __

calcium phosphate

Mineralization is a process that extracts __________ and __________ from the blood plasma and deposits it into bone.

calcium; phosphate

To help regulate body calcium levels, bone has two reserves. The disadvantage of the stable reserve is that it __________

cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid

If the __________ component of bone is not in adequate amounts, the flexibility of bone will be compromised.

collagen

Osteogenesis imperfecta is due to the deficiency of __________ in the matrix, which makes the bones extremely brittle.

collagen

A __________ fracture is one in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces.

comminuted

Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?

compact

During the healing of a bone fracture, a hard callus is formed by ____

osteoblasts

The __________ contain hydrogen pumps that lead to the formation of hydrochloric acid, which is used to dissolve bone minerals in a process called __________.

osteoclasts; mineral resorption

Greenstick fractures most commonly occur in children because __________.

their bones contain a higher proportion of collagen

In an adult, a compound fracture of the __________ could lead to a "fat" embolism entering the blood stream.

tibia

Trusses and arches, which help form an internal scaffolding network, are found in __________.

trabecular bone

Which of the following would directly affect osseous tissue?

A Vitamin-C deficiency

At which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone, even when a high calcium diet is eaten?

50 years old

Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?

An osteon

What is the function of red bone marrow

Blood-cell production

is/are found in compact bone but not spongy bone.

Central canals

Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification?

Hyaline cartilage model

What is the calcium-phosphate salt deposited within bone called?

Hydroxyapatite

Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?

Interstitial

Identify the correct statements regarding the treatment of fractures. Check all that apply.

Open reduction involves the surgical exposure of the bone and the use of plates, screws, or pins to realign the fragments. Hip fractures are usually pinned and early ambulation (walking) is encouraged because it promotes blood circulation and healing.

Which bone cells produce the soft organic bone matrix?

Osteoblasts

Which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity?

Swimming

Which of the following best describes osteomalacia?

The softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion

The skeletal system helps maintain acid-base balance by __

absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonate salts

In an adult, which of the following is a bone that does not contain red bone marrow?

radius

A(n) __________would not involve damage to the structures that comprise the skeletal system.

ruptured calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system?

tendons