CH.11 PreQuiz

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________ may form at the bottom of cockpits and may even be an important cause of cockpit karst topography.

Sinkholes

Which of the following are examples of dripstones?

Stalactites

Which of the following are the principal active agents involved in chemical weathering?

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to

a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape

The maximum angle at which soil, sediment, and rock will remain on a slope without moving downslope is the

angle of repose

On a typical hillside, the consolidated rock overlain by loose surface material is known as

bedrock

When rainwater attacks formations of limestone, the minerals dissolve and wash away with the mildly acid rainwater. This is an example of

carbonation

Karst topography is formed primarily by

carbonation and solution

Hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation, and carbonation are all examples of ________ weathering processes.

chemical

A large mix of falling and tumbling rock, debris, and soil is a (glides on air)

debris avalanche

When pressure is removed from overlying rock, the pressure of deep burial is relieved, initiating pressure-release jointing. The joints then separate into curved slabs. This is known as

exfoliation

If material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of

friction, cohesion of particles, and inertial resistance

The fact that water expands as much as 9% of its volume as it freezes is the basis of

frost wedging

Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of

higher rainfall and temperatures

When rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock, the process in operation is

hydrolysis

Chemical weathering processes are particularly effective on limestone landscapes, forming

karst topography

Continuing dissolution and collapse may lead the the coalescing of sinkholes to form a

karst valley

The downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity is known as

lahar downslope flow mass movement

The sudden rapid movement of an unsaturated cohesive mass of regolith or bedrock is a

landslide

Inclined surfaces forming the sides of hills and mountains are known as

slopes

A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called

soil creep

Weathering that softens and rounds the sharp edges and corners of jointed rock is known as

spheroidal weathering

In which climates would rocks experience the highest amounts of chemical decomposition and decay?

Hot and wet

Which of the following is NOT a type of physical weathering process?

Hydrolysis

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding joints?

Joints are fractures in rock that occur without displacement on either side

Exfoliation occurs because

overlying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture

Rust, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water, is an example of

oxidation

The consolidated or unconsolidated materials from which soils develop is known as

parent material

Exfoliation and pressure-release jointing are examples of ________ weathering processes.

physical

Frost wedging is an example of ________ weathering processes.

physical

When rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is

physical weathering

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called

regolith

The weathering of limestone can create circular depressions known as

sinkholes

Hydration involves

the addition of water with little chemical change

Plants are important to the development of karst primarily because

they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process.

Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is

water

The process that breaks down rock at Earth's surface through disintegration of rocks into mineral particles or dissolving it into water is known as

weathering


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