CH.11 PreQuiz
________ may form at the bottom of cockpits and may even be an important cause of cockpit karst topography.
Sinkholes
Which of the following are examples of dripstones?
Stalactites
Which of the following are the principal active agents involved in chemical weathering?
Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide
The dynamic equilibrium model refers to
a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape
The maximum angle at which soil, sediment, and rock will remain on a slope without moving downslope is the
angle of repose
On a typical hillside, the consolidated rock overlain by loose surface material is known as
bedrock
When rainwater attacks formations of limestone, the minerals dissolve and wash away with the mildly acid rainwater. This is an example of
carbonation
Karst topography is formed primarily by
carbonation and solution
Hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation, and carbonation are all examples of ________ weathering processes.
chemical
A large mix of falling and tumbling rock, debris, and soil is a (glides on air)
debris avalanche
When pressure is removed from overlying rock, the pressure of deep burial is relieved, initiating pressure-release jointing. The joints then separate into curved slabs. This is known as
exfoliation
If material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of
friction, cohesion of particles, and inertial resistance
The fact that water expands as much as 9% of its volume as it freezes is the basis of
frost wedging
Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of
higher rainfall and temperatures
When rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock, the process in operation is
hydrolysis
Chemical weathering processes are particularly effective on limestone landscapes, forming
karst topography
Continuing dissolution and collapse may lead the the coalescing of sinkholes to form a
karst valley
The downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity is known as
lahar downslope flow mass movement
The sudden rapid movement of an unsaturated cohesive mass of regolith or bedrock is a
landslide
Inclined surfaces forming the sides of hills and mountains are known as
slopes
A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called
soil creep
Weathering that softens and rounds the sharp edges and corners of jointed rock is known as
spheroidal weathering
In which climates would rocks experience the highest amounts of chemical decomposition and decay?
Hot and wet
Which of the following is NOT a type of physical weathering process?
Hydrolysis
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding joints?
Joints are fractures in rock that occur without displacement on either side
Exfoliation occurs because
overlying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture
Rust, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water, is an example of
oxidation
The consolidated or unconsolidated materials from which soils develop is known as
parent material
Exfoliation and pressure-release jointing are examples of ________ weathering processes.
physical
Frost wedging is an example of ________ weathering processes.
physical
When rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is
physical weathering
In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called
regolith
The weathering of limestone can create circular depressions known as
sinkholes
Hydration involves
the addition of water with little chemical change
Plants are important to the development of karst primarily because
they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process.
Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is
water
The process that breaks down rock at Earth's surface through disintegration of rocks into mineral particles or dissolving it into water is known as
weathering
