CH12 Methods of Securing Information

Activities where white-hat hackers are paid to hack into private networks and applications is referred to as __ testing.

Penetration

Select what's true about how a Trojan infects a computer system.

Trojans are commonly used by hackers to gain access to systems and devices. Trojans are designed using some sort of social engineering tactic. Hackers use Trojans to create a backdoor into a user's system which allows them to spy on the computer's activities.

What percentage of cyberattacks are launched with a phishing email?

91%

A deliberate misuse of computers and networks via the Internet that uses malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network is called __.

A cyberattack

Used by firewalls, routers, and computers that are part of a network and are connected to the Internet, Network ___ Translation provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses.

Access

Select the true statements about state-sponsored cyberwarefare.

Attacks can be directly launched by a foreign government or by a group or individual who has been paid by to execute the attack Can be used to send warnings or to create conflict between countries. Originate and are executed by foreign governments.

Rootkits are typically used to allow hackers to do which of the following?

Create a backdoor into a computer Remotely control the operations of a computer.

Select the true statements about keystroke loggers.

Software based keystroke loggers are often a Trojan that is installed without the user's knowledge Can be hardware devices and software applications Keystroke loggers can record passwords and confidential information

Mohammed is experiencing issues with his work computer. He speaks to the IT department and they identify various symptoms of a computer virus. Symptoms of a computer virus include:

The operating system may not launch properly Critical files may be automatically deleted Unexpected error messages

Often accompanying downloaded music or apps, programs that appear to be legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated is called a _____.

Trojan correct Reason: Correct. A Trojan, sometimes called a Trojan horse, is a program that appears legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated.

Which of the following are considered cybercrimes?

Trojan horse viruses Digital identity theft Computer hacking

A deliberate misuse of computers and networks, _____ use malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network.

cyberattacks correct Reason: Correct. A deliberate misuse of computers and networks, cyberattacks use malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network.

A form of spyware that records all actions typed on a keyboard is called a

keylogger

Unlike phishing which does not have a specific target and is designed to reach the maximum amount of people, phishing is a precise type of attack.

spear

Many organizations hire computer experts who test the security measures of an organization's information systems to ensure they are protected against intrusions. These experts use a variety of techniques including hacking, penetration testing, and vulnerability testing. These types of experts are known as _____ hackers.

white-hat correct Reason: Correct. White hat hackers are non-malicious computer security experts who test the security measures of an organization's information systems to ensure they are protected against malicious intrusions.

Put the steps for how a virus infects a digital device in the correct order.

1. the virus arrives 2. an action 3. the infection 4. the payload

Botnet

Choice A group of computers under the control of a hacker.

Select what's true about spear phishing attacks.

Spear phishing is a type of email scam that is directed toward a specific person or organization. Spear phishing attacks are designed to steal data and some attacks may also be designed to install malicious software on a device.

A group of computers under the control of a hacker is referred to as a

botnet

As reported by Andrei Ene, Tiny Banker ---(TBT) is one of the worst malware attacks in the last 10 years.

trojan

Computer experts that attempt to hack into a network to ensure that it is protected against intrusions are called _ -hat hackers.

white

You are speaking with a friend about how to protect yourself from phishing scams. Your friend (who works in cybersecurity) gives you some advice about what to do if you receive a phishing message. Which of the following statements would be considered good advice?

Banks and credit card companies will never ask you to provide personal information via email messages. If you receive a suspicious message, contact the institution that the message was allegedly sent from. Contact US-CERT.

What type of hacker breaks into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data?

Black hat hackers correct Reason: Correct. Black hat hackers break into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data. Black hat hackers are also known as hackers or crackers.

Bot

Choice A hacker uses software to infect computers, including laptops, desktops, tablets, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, turning each computer into a zombie

Mohammed is experiencing issues with his work computer. He speaks to the IT department and they identify various symptoms of a computer virus. Symptoms of a computer virus include:

Critical files may be automatically deleted Unexpected error messages The operating system may not launch properly

Select the reasons a government may choose to get involved in state-sponsored cyberwarfare.

Cyberwarfare is relatively inexpensive when compared to traditional warfare. Cyberwarfare can cause widespread damage to IT infrastructure. Cyberwarfare is often difficult to trace and identify.

A DDoS attack is when computers that have been infected by a virus act as "zombies" and work together to send out illegitimate messages creating huge volumes of network traffic. The acronym DDoS stands for ___ .

Distributed Denial of Service correct Reason: Correct. DDoS stands for Distributed Denial of Service.

A hacker launches an attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests. This would be considered a _____ attack.

DoS correct Reason: Correct. A distributed denial-of-service (DoS) attack takes place when a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet.

The technology that provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses is called _____.

NAT correct Reason: Correct. Network Address Translation (NAT) is used to protect data. It was developed by Cisco and is used by firewalls, routers, and computers that are part of a network and are connected to the Internet.

There are multiple ways ransomware attacks can be launched. Which of the following are methods a ransomware attack can be launched?

Phishing Trojan Horse

Which of the following statements correctly describes phishing?

Phishing scams use legitimate looking email messages to con a user into giving up private information. Phishing is the illegitimate use of an email message that appears to be from an established organization such as a bank.

Malware that encrypts a computer's data, forcing the victim to purchase a decryption code, is called ___ .

Ransomware correct Reason: Correct. Ransomware is malware that makes a computer's data inaccessible until a ransom is paid.

One version of this type of malware encrypts a victims data until a payment is made. Another version threatens to make public a victim's personal data unless a payment is made. This type of malware is called ___>

Ransomware correct Reason: Correct. Ransomware is malware that makes a computer's data inaccessible until a ransom is paid.

Select the true statements about ransomware attacks.

Ransomware is malware that makes a computer's data inaccessible until a ransom is paid. Ransomware attacks invade computers via Trojan Horse viruses, worms, or by a user opening a legitimate looking email. One of the most popular methods used in ransomware attacks is through phishing.

A crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used to commit a criminal offense is called _____.

cybercrime

Hardware or software used to keep a computer secure from outside threats such as hackers and viruses by allowing or blocking Internet traffic is called a ____.

firewall

Personal software are typically included with the operating system and can be configured based on user preference.

firewall

The illegitimate use of an email message that appears to be from an established organization such as a bank, financial institution, or insurance company is referred to as . In order to appear legitimate, the message often contains the company's logo and identifying information.

phishing

Specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network are called packet

sniffers correct Reason: Correct. Packet sniffers are specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network.

Recently, TechJury compiled a list of cybersecurity statistics that show the impact of different malware and network attacks. What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small businesses?

43%

What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small business?

43%

What percentage of daily email attachments are harmful for their intended recipient?

85%

The NIST states that cybersecurity risk assessments are essential for determining which data should be protected. NIST stands for National Institute of ___ and Technology.

Standards

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which of the following are steps businesses can take to help protect systems, data, and information from natural disasters?

Store data in different areas across the United States (geographic data redundancy) Create a business continuity plan Utilize off-site cloud storage

One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of behavior science in their data and network security policies. One of these methods is called UEBA. Select the true statements about UEBA.

UEBA uses a variety of different tactics to create a map of pattern behavior including machine learning, statistical analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) UEBA stands for user and entity behavior analytics It is a type of cybersecurity that observes and records the conduct of computer and network users

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack

When a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet.

One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of

behavior

denial-of-service (DDoS) attack takes place when a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet.

distributed

Computer viruses are not frequently disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.

False

malware is short for

malicious

A program that appears legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated is called a horse virus.

trojan

What percentage of malicious attachments are masked as Microsoft Office files?

38%

Select the true statements about packet sniffers.

Legitimate sniffers are used for routine examination and problem detection Unauthorized sniffers are used to steal information

Specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network are called packet ___.

Sniffers

Security risk can be calculated using the following calculation: Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x

asset

Cyberattacks that originate and are executed by foreign governments is called state-sponsored . These attacks can be directly launched by a foreign government or by a group or individual who has been paid by to execute the attack.

cyberwarfare

Businesses need to take steps to protect computer systems, data, and information from disasters.

natural

Malware is short for malicious software and is designed to steal information, destroy data, impact the operations of a computer or network, or frustrate the user. Common types of malware include:

Viruses Trojans Worms

Which of the following statements about computer viruses are true?

Viruses can destroy programs or alter the operations of a computer or network. A computer virus is software that infects computers and is created using computer code.

According to Norton, which of the following steps should be taken to defend against rootkits?

Watch out for drive-by-downloads Be aware of phishing emails Don't ignore software updates

According to the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST), cybersecurity personnel can take steps to ensure data and systems are protected. The first thing an organization should conduct is a cybersecurity risk assessment. The cybersecurity risk assessment is concerned with answering which of the following questions?

What are the internal and external vulnerabilities? What are the relevant threats and the threat sources to our organization? What are our organization's most important information technology assets?

Before data security strategies are created, which questions must be answered?

What is the risk I am reducing? Am I reducing the risk in the most cost-effective way? Is this the highest priority security risk?