Ch.15 Brain and Cranial Nerves

Blood brain barrier (function and made of)

regulates movement of materials between the blood and the interstitial fluid of the brain

cerebral peduncles

(Anterior) tracts that carry motor impulses from cerebrum through pons and into spinal chord

Cerebrospinal Fluid

----Know the difference CSF is clear, colorless fluid that provides buoyancy, protection, and a stable environment for the brain and the spinal cord The choroid plexus produces CSF in each ventricle CSF enters the subarachnoid space within the ventricles and returns to the venous circulation through the arachnoid villi

What is the association area responsible for

Association Areas are sections of the cerebral cortex that are connected to the function of a primary part of the cerebral cortex. These areas are responsible for thought, memory, and learning, in combination with the primary parts they surround.

Cerbropsinal fluid (function and formation)

CSF is clear, colorless fluid that provides buoyancy, protection, and a stable environment for the brain and the spinal cord The choroid plexus produces CSF in each ventricle CSF enters the subarachnoid space within the ventricles and returns to the venous circulation through the arachnoid villi

Dura Mater

Dura mater septa project between the major parts of the brain to stabilize its position within the cranium.

diaphragma sellae

Forms roof of hypophyseal foss Small dural layer that prevents the cerebrum from crushing the pituitary in the sella turcica.

superior sagittal sinus

It begins at the crista galli and ends near the internal occipital protuberance at the confluence of sinuses Located in upper part of falx celebr

falx cerebri

Major fold that seperates RT & LT lobe of cerebrum Flat sheet of dura suspended from roof of cranium and separates the hemispheres running along longitudinal fissure

cerebral nuclei

Paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle.

tentorium cerebelli

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum Horizontal fold of dura matter between cerebellum and occipital lobes.

falx cerebelli

Seperate the two cerebellar hemispheres extension of dura mater between the cerebellar hemispheres Attached to the internal occipital crest

Test Question

The brain has four major regions: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, the brainstem and the cerebellum Gray matter is made up of neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons White matter derives its white color from the myelin in myelinated axons

cranial nerves are responsible for the various eye muscles

Three: CN III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), and VI (Abducens)

cerebral ganglia

a paired structure that receives input from photoreceptors in eyespots and sensory cells.

Cranial Meninges

are the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater

Brain ventricles

fluid-filled spaces in the brain are the paired lateral ventricles, the third ventricle cerebral aqueduct, and the the fourth ventricle

five cerebral lobes (be able to locate them)

frontal lobe - The anterior lobe of the cerebral hemisphere named for the overlying frontal bone, this lobe receives and interprets olfactory sensation, initiates voluntary commands to skeletal muscles; it is also a main location for personality traits and higher thought processes including learning, problem solving, memory, etc.; its tissues consist of surface gray matter and some embedded nuclei of gray matter and various expanses of white matter. [National Public Radio has produced a short history of the frontal lobotomy procedure. If you're interested, click here.] [Recent research (2012) at UCLA reveals gene activity differences that give insight into how the human cortex evolved increased sophistication of information compared to our nearest relative, the chimpanzee. If you're interested, click here.] temporal lobe - The inferior lateral lobe of the cerebral hemisphere named for the overlying temporal bone, this lobe receives and interprets auditory sensation and equilibrium sensation; it is also a main location for coordination of auditory and visual aspects of language; its tissues consist of surface gray matter and some embedded nuclei of gray matter and various expanses of white matter. parietal lobe - The superior lateral lobe of the cerebral hemisphere named for the overlying parietal bone, this lobe receives and interprets cutaneous and somatic sensations and taste; it is also a main location for general association areas; its tissues consist of surface gray matter and some embedded nuclei of gray matter and various expanses of white matter. occipital lobe - The posterior lobe of the cerebral hemisphere named for the overlying occipital bone, this lobe receives and interprets visual sensation; its tissues consist of surface gray matter and some embedded nuclei of gray matter and various expanses of white matter. insula - The lobe of the cerebral hemisphere which is located deep within the lateral cerebral fissure under the parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes; it is a location for visceral and autonomic function, including taste; its tissues consist of surface gray matter and some embedded nuclei of gray matter and various expanses of white matter.

functions of hypothalamus

houses control and integrative centers. Functions include: 1) Master control of ANS 2) Master control of the endocrine system 3) Control of emotional behavior 4) Control of food intake

ventricles

set of four interconnected cavities (ventricles) in the brain, where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced. Within each ventricle is a region of choroid plexus, a network of ependymal cells involved in the production of CSF. The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord (from the third ventricle) allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate. All of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord is lined with ependyma a specialised form of epithelium.

cortex

the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex ), composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness.