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Sync Center
A Windows 7 control panel are used to synchronize files between computers
System Volume (SYSVOL)
A Windows term describing the storage space that holds Windows OS files used to boot
Task Manager (Taskmgr.exe)
A Windows utility that lets you view the applications and processes running on your computer as well as information about process and memory performance, network activity, and user activity.
MBR (Master Boot Record)
A program that reads the partition table to find the primary partition used to boot the system.
multiboot installation
A situation in which a computer can boot from two or more OS
system restore
A utility in Windows that restores system settings to a specific previous date when everything was working properly.
disk clean up
A utility included with Windows that gets rid of unused files on your hard disk.
HFS (Hierarchical File System) (APFS-Apple file system)
Developed by Apple. Windows can read it, but needs additional software to write it.
compatibility mode
Microsoft Windows tool used to emulate older OS so that older apps or hardware can be used on a newer OS
Easy Transfer
Microsoft app that copies files and OS settings to another device, removable media, over a network, or to another storage location
component services
Microsoft management console snap-in that can configure and administer component object model (COM) components, COM+ apps, and the distributed transaction coordinator (DTC)
internal hard drive partition (boot option)
OS boot option that boots from a bootable partition
internal fixed disk (boot option)
OS boot option that boots from a partition on an internal hard drive
external hard drive (boot option)
OS boot option when a USB or eSATA drive is used
Image deployment
OS installation method in which a system image is taken from an external drive, disc, or server and put on a computer
no OS found
OS is corrupt, there is a problem with the boot device such as the hard drive, or the BIOS/UEFI setting are incorrect
Windows installation requirements
Processor- 1 GHz RAM- 1GB (32bit)/2GB (64bit) graphics- support for directX9 or higher with 1.0 WDDM driver harddrive space- 16GB(32-bit)/20 GB(64bit)
dynamic disk
Windoes tem for a volume that can be resized and managed without rebooting
System control panel
Windoes utility that allows computer configuration such as adding or removing software/hardware, configuring a screen saver, adjusting a monitor, configuring a mouse, installing networking components
NTLDR (new technology loader) is missing
Windows 7 boot error condition in which the OS needs to be reinstalled
workgroup
Windows 7 can be configured for this type, but file and print sharing are not automatically enabled
Advanced boot options
Windows boot menu used to access tools for troubleshooting. press fi when the computer is booting (before Windows loads) to access the advance boot options
Failure to boot
Windows condition that may require OS repairs or reload
resource monitor
Windows graphic tool that shows performance for the main system components
Device Manager
Windows program that views and configures hardware
devices and printers
Windows section of the control panel used to view, install, remove, and manage wired and wireless devices
Safe Mode
Windows starts with minimum device drivers and services. Windows option used when the computer stalls, slows down, does not work properly, or has improper video settings or intermittent errors or when a new hardware/software installation causes problems.
shadow copy
Windows technology used with the system restore program that uses a block-level image instead of monitoring certain files for file changes
basic disk
Windows term for a drive that has been partitioned and formatted
file history
Windows tool that allows backing up a specific user's libraries instead of the entire system and supports scheduling these backing ups
disk management
Windows tool that can partition and manage hard drives
Performance monitor
Windows tool that monitors resources such as memory and CPU usage and that allows creation of graphs, bars charts, and text reports
event viewer
Windows tool that monitors various events in the computer
Remote access connection
Windows tool used to remotely access a Windows based device that does not require someone to be at that computer and does not prompt for permission.
Remote Assistance
Windows tool used to remotely access a Windows device. The remote computer displays a prompt requesting permission for remote access.
USMT (User State Migration Tool)
Windows tool used when deploying a large number of Windows computers
system configuration utility
Windows utility that allows boot files and setting to be enabled/disabled for troubleshooting purposes. The command that brings up this utility is *msconfig.exe*
Task Scheduler
Windows-based utility that allows apps or tasks to be executed periodically or at a specific date and time. this can include a systemwide message
storage spaces
Wjndows 8/10 that allows combining different types of storage devices into one writable space
Optimize and defragment
a Windows tool accessed with the defragment button or through the *defrag* command. It is used to put files in contiguous clusters on the hard drive for better performance
Domain
a corporate environment in which users authenticate with centralized user ID and password
update network settings
a device might need the network settings updated in order to get onto the wired or wireless network. This could involve using the *ipconfig /release* and *ipconfig /renew* commands or changing the IP address to a manually assigned one
ext3 (third extended file system)
a file system type used in Linux-based OS that introduced journaling( tracks changes in case OS crashes, allowing it to be restarted without reloading
system file
a file that is needed to allow a computer to boot. aka start up file
shares
a folder that has been set so that others can use it. this can be on a computer, printer, or network resource such as a scanner
extended partition & logical partition
a hard drive division a division of an extended partition. a logical partition can be assigned a drive letter, formatted, and used for storage
remote settings (link)
a link used from the system control panel utility to configure remote desktop and remote access
Automatic updates
a method for getting newer Windows OS files
reimage
a process of putting a new image (OS, apps, and settings) on a corporate computer
reboot
a restart of an OS aka warm start
slow boot
a situation that could be caused by the OS, startup apps, services, or too many startup login scripts
restore point
a snapshot image of the registry and some of the dynamic system files that have been saved previously by the system restore utility. This is used when a Windows computer has a problem
WRP (Windows resource protection)
a tool that protects OS files, folders, and important registry keys, using access control list
reliablilty monitor
a tool that provides a visual graph in Windows Vista or 7 of how stable the system is and shows details on events that might have affected system reliability
Windows Memory diagnostic
a tool used to thoroughly test RAM. Accessed from a command prompt using the *mdsched* command or using the administrative tools section of the control panel > diagnose your computer's memory problems link
ReadyBoost
a utility that can speed up the Windows boot process by caching some startup files to a 256MB+ flash drive, SD card, or CF card
Refresh your PC
a windows 8/8.1 tool reinstalls the OS but keeps user data and settings.
Print Management
a windows administrative tool used to manage printers. *printmanagement.msc*
Computer Management console
a windows tool that displays a large group of tools on one screen
shared folders
a windows tool used to view shares, sessions, and open files
swap partition aka paging file
acts as a memory overflow and allows secondary storage to let programs exceed the size of available physical memory by using hard drive space as memory
System Properties
adjust virtual memory
apply updates
after an OS installation, dont forget to download and install the OS and apps updates as well as check for newer device drivers
network boot
aka Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) boot, where the system boots from a server that deploys an OS image to a computer
credential manager
allows to store usernames, passwords, and other login details that are used to log on to websites or other computers on a network
data sources
also called Data Sources ODBC (open database connectivity), a programming interface that allows apps to access data from a database
Service
an application that can be started using this window or configured so that it starts when the computer boots. process that provides a specific function to the computer
optical disc (boot option)
boot method that uses a CD, DVD, or Bluray disc that has an OS on it
update the boot order
can cause a Windows computer to not boot is the boot order in the BIOS/UEFI settings
black screen
check the video cable, power to the display, and the video card of installed. use safe mode or last known good configuration boot option
ACLs (Access Control Lists)
code that permits or denies changes to the OS a means of providing a security filter where traffic is allowed or denied based on configuration parameters
performance (virtual memory)
computer's performance is affected by the virtual memory settings, which allocate a specific amount of hard drive space that can be used when even more apps and data loaded more than the amount of RAM installed
performance monitor
configure a specific number of processors the computer uses to boot
digital signature
confirms that the hardware or updated driver being installed is compatible with windows, aka driver signing
local users and groups
creates and manages accounts for those who use the computer or computer resources from a remote network computer
Registry
database that contains information about the environment, including installed hardware/software and users
shrink partition
decreases size of partition
msconfig
disable a computer vendor app that keeps running everytime the computer boots, trying to get the user to buy storage space
device management
disable a piece of hardware
splitting partition
dividing space on a hard drive or making one partition smaller and then creating a new partition with the relinquished drive space
Full formatting
during an installation process to partition to drive, this option identifies and marks bad sectors on the drive so they will not be used for data storage.
quick formatting
during an installation process, a function used to prepare a hard drive partition but NOT identify and mark sectors so that they wont be used
system log
each OS has logs that can be viewed when things go wrong. Windows event viewer is used
CDFS (Compact Disc File System)
file system for optical media
FAT16
file system that supports hard drives up to 2 GB in old OS and 4 GB partition limitation with XP or higher
Fat32
file system that supports hard drives up to 2 TB
ext4 (Fourth Extended File System)
file system type used in Linux-based OS that supports larger volume and file sizes that ext3
system requirements (application)
hardware and software required for an application to be installed
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
holds snap-ins or tools used to maintain the computer aka computer management console
boot volume
holds the majority of the Windows OS files. Can be the same volume as the system volume
rebuild a Windows profile
if a message appears that the user profile cannot be loaded, make a copy of the user profile folder, rename the registry key, and have the user log in again
Roll back windows update
if a windows update causes a system to have issues, roll back the update to a previous one and then apply the updates one at a time
Assigning/Changing Drive Letters
in disk management, right click on a drive volume> change drive letters and paths
service fails to start
in this situation, use the services computer management tool to investigate and possibility manually start the service
extending partition
increases the size of a partition
slow performance
indication that a computer system is OS in a less than efficient manner
in-place upgrade
installs a newer OS version while preserving current settings, applications, and user files
unattended installation
installs an OS system using a script
initializing
makes a drive available to be used
adding drive
makes sure that the drive is recognized by the BIOS
mounting
maps an empty folder on an NTFS volume
refresh rate
measured in Hertz, this is the amount of time it takes for the screen to be drawn in one second . in LCDs it is called temporal resolution rate is traditionally 60 HZ
Drive Partition
method of allocating space on a harddrive that is recognizable by the OS
Windows update/patch/service pack
modified files provided for the current OS
%systemroot%/System32
ntoskenl.exe hal.dll winload.exe
Color depth
number of bits that control color and determine the maximum number of colors that can be displayed
standard user
one of the two basic types of Windows accounts that cannot install most apps or change system settings
NFS (Network File System)
open standard protocol used for sharing files across a network
Time/date/region/language settings
part of the OS installation is to set these preferences
load alternative third party driver
part of the Windows installation process that a technician must download drivers for hardware such as a RAID controller before starting the installation process
rights
permissions granted or denied to files, folders, and network resources
administrator
person responsible for setting up and maintaining a system, such as a Windows computer. full control
printing issue
problem when trying to send output to the printer try printing a test page
user account management
process of creating a user, adding that user to a group, and managing those functions
program compatibility wizard
program that can check for software app compatibility with newer Windows ver
remote network installation
pulling an image from a server or network share in order to load an OS
clean installation
puts an OS on a system that does not have one or removed the existing OS in order to install a new one
Refresh/Restore Installation
reinstalls Windows while keeping any saved files, apps, and settings that you have reinstalled
homegroup
removed from Windows 10, but files and folders can still be shared across a small network
repair installation
replacement of the Windows OS when files have been corrupt or the system wont boot properly
system restore
run a test of hard drive reads per second and writes per second to see if the drive is causing slowdown issues
baseline
snapshot of a computer's performance (memory, CPU usage, etc) during normal operations (before a problem or slowdown is apparent)
device driver
special software that allows an OS to access a piece of hardware
application crash
specific program quits working use the task manager to quit a crashed app
kill task
step to take if an app has frozen or quit responding
drive status
storage device state that can be viewed in Windows Disk management
slow profile load
the company may make use of local or domain policies including user and group profiles. Too many profiles that are required at startup slows the startup/login process
NTFS (New Technology File System)
the file system used with Microsoft OS (starting with Windows NT). offers encryption, compression, larger file size, and longer filenames.
primary partition
the first detected drive partition on a hard drive that has been configured with a basic disk
ReFS (Resilient File System)
the microsoft replacement file for NTFS
resolution
the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device or printer
system protection
the system protection of the control panel > system protection tab is used to set up and configure system restore, manage restore points, and manage the amount of disk space used by system restore
exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table)
theoretical 16 EB max file space, max volume of 64 ZB, smaller cluster sizes that fat32, and an increased number of files allowed in a directory. creadted for extended storage media such as flash drives and hard drives for saving images and videos
activation clock
timer for Windows OS. when creating an image, a technician must reset or re-arm the activation clockif a single activation key is used. this give a 30-90 day grace period before having to re enter the product key
defragment the hard drive
to reorder files in contiguous clusters on the hard drive
WinRE (Windows Recovery Environment)
tool on the Windows installation disc and also in windows that includes multiple tools used to troubleshoot Windows when it does not work properly
Services option
tool that can be accessed through Windows computer management console by typing *services.msc* from a command prompt.
error checking
tool that checks the drive for file system errors, bad hard drive sectors, and lost clusters
boot partition
type of partition found in Windows that contains the OS. the boot partition can be in the same partition as the system partition, which is the part of the hard drive that holds hardware-specific files
GPT (GUID [globally unique identifier]Partition Table)
type of partition table available in 64 but Windows edition. GPTs can have up to 128 partitions and volumes up to 18EB
disable windows app
use the system configuration utility Startup tab to disable apps that start automatically
device manager
used to change or view hardware configuration settings and print a summary of all hardware installed
Windows Upgrade Advisor
used to determine if a computer can function well with a higher version of Windows installed
KMS (Key Management Service)
used with 25 or more Windows computers, and a computer has the KMS software app installed. all newley installed installed computers register with the KMS computer. every 180 days, the computer is reactivated for the license. each KMS key can be used on two computers up to 10 times
application log
whenever an application is crashing or not operating properly, the OS logs that issue
Reset this PC
windows 10 recovery option that reinstalls Windows and deletes users' files, apps, and settings
virtual XP mode
windows 7 tool that was previously known as Windows XP Mode used in Windows 7 Professional and higher to allow older apps to run
Graphical interface fails to load
windows startup problem in which startup files are missing or corrupt or there are hardware problems
sfc (System File Checker)
windows tool used to verify OS files
Restart-Service
windows, use the service computer management tool to restart a service that has stopped responding
disable a service
windows, use the services option from within the computer management console in order to disable a service that might be causing issues
Root directory of a system partition
winresume.exe bootmgr.exe
UAC (User Account Control)
works with internet explorer/edge, windows defender, and parental controls to provide heightened awareness of security issues
