Ch.19
Bones
Associated with cartilage
Joints
Associated with ligaments
Irregular bones
Oddly shaped and do not fit well in other categories
osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
3 types of bone cells
Ellipsoidal
A condyloid joint is also called
condyloid
A joint containing an oval shaped surface that fits into a concave surface allowing the bone to travel back and forth and side to side
Synarthrotic
A joint that has extremely limited movement abilities
Hinge
A joint that has movement limited to flexion and extension
Ganglion
A pouch like structure filled with synovial fluid that arises from the joint capsule or tendon sheaths
Hematopoiesis
A term used to describe blood cell production
Joints
A term used to describe where bones come together or join
Saddle joint
A thumb joint that possesses a concave surface facing one direction and a convex surface facing the other
synovial fluid
A type of fluid found in cavities of freely moving joints
Lardosis
An exaggeration of the normal anterior curvature in the lumbar spine
cyphosis
An exaggeration of the normal curvature of the thoracic spine
articulation/arthrosis
Another name for joint
cancellous bone
Another name for spongy bone
Protraction
Anterior forward
Eversion
Big toe
Osteoclasts
Bone destroying cells
endochondral ossification
Bone development from cartilage
intramembranous ossification
Bone development from membranes such as those found in the flat bones of the skull
Red marrow of bones
Blood cells are produced
irregular bones
Bones of the spine are classified as what
Flat bones
Broad, flat surface
Adduction
Conical movement in which the distal end of a structure moves in a circle and the proximal end remains fixed
Spongy bone
Constitutes approx. 20% total bone mass
Compact bone
Constitutes approx. 80% of bone mass
Haversian canal
Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves
Spongy bone
Contains thins strips called trabeculae
Articulate cartilage
Cover the articulating surface of bone
Eversion
Elevation of the medial edge of the foot so that it turns toward the midline of the body
Bursae
Flat saclike structures located between ligaments and bones within joints
appendicular skeleton
Has 126 bones
axial skeleton
Has 80 bones along central axis
long bones location
Humerus , ulna and radius, femur , tibia and fibula
epiphyseal plate
Hyaline cartilage is found near the ends of growing bone, allowing them to increase in length
Bone tissue
Is a type of connective tissue
Osteocytes
Mature bone
Circumduction
Movement of a joint so that a body part moves towards the midline of the body
Dorsiflexion
Movement of the able as the foot moves superiority in the direction of the top of the foot
Shoulder girdle , upper extremities, pelvic girdle
Name bones in the appendicular skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
Name of bones in axial skeleton
sesamoid bones location
Patella , hands, feet
Inversion
Pinky toe
Retraction
Posterior backwards
bone remodeling
Process of bone destruction by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts
trabeculae
Provides strength similar to braces supporting a building
sesamoid bones
Round , small, embedded in tendons
Irregular bones location
Skull and vertebrae
Short bones
Small and cube shaped can't sing multiple articulating surfaces
sesamoid bones
Small round bones embedded in tendons are
flat bones location
Sternum , scapula , rib cage , pelvis, skull
Periosteum
Term used to describe the dense fibrous sheath surrounding the diaphysis
medullary cavity
Term used to describe the hollow space in the center of the diaphysis
Diaphysis
Term used to describe the long cylindrical shaft of the bone
Epiphyses
Term used to describe the two ends of a long bone
hinge joint
The bending of a joint so that the angle of the joint decrease
Haversian canal
The central passageway of an osteon
compact bone
The hard outer shell of a bone
spongy bone
The lighter and less dense area of a bone
Ossification
The process of bone development
axial and appendicular
The two divisions of the skeleton are:
Ball and socket
This joint offers the greatest range of motion
ostearthritis
This joint pathology is characterized by the inflammation of the joint capsule and joint damage is progressive leading to loss of cartilage
multiaxial
This joint provides movement in all three cardinal planes
Uniaxial
This joint provides movement in one axis
Baker cyst
This pathology is an accumulation of synovial fluid behind the knee
rheumatoid arthritis
This pathology is chronic inflammatory systemic arthritis that destroys synovial membranes
Osteoporosis
This pathology is the loss of normal bone density and increases susceptibility of fractures
Gout
This pathology results from the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints
Plantar flexion
Toes to floor
Dorsiflexion
Toes to nose
osseous tissue
another name for bone tissue
Haversian canal
another name for central canal
Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
short bones
carpals and tarsals
Transverse canals (volkmann canals)
connect central canals
Diarthrotic
freely movable joint
Bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
Scoliosis
lateral curvature of the thoracic spine
Long bones
longer than they are wide
Compact and spongy
two types of bone tissue
intramembranous and endochondral
two types of ossification