Ch.19

Bones

Associated with cartilage

Joints

Associated with ligaments

Irregular bones

Oddly shaped and do not fit well in other categories

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

3 types of bone cells

Ellipsoidal

A condyloid joint is also called

condyloid

A joint containing an oval shaped surface that fits into a concave surface allowing the bone to travel back and forth and side to side

Synarthrotic

A joint that has extremely limited movement abilities

Hinge

A joint that has movement limited to flexion and extension

Ganglion

A pouch like structure filled with synovial fluid that arises from the joint capsule or tendon sheaths

Hematopoiesis

A term used to describe blood cell production

Joints

A term used to describe where bones come together or join

Saddle joint

A thumb joint that possesses a concave surface facing one direction and a convex surface facing the other

synovial fluid

A type of fluid found in cavities of freely moving joints

Lardosis

An exaggeration of the normal anterior curvature in the lumbar spine

cyphosis

An exaggeration of the normal curvature of the thoracic spine

articulation/arthrosis

Another name for joint

cancellous bone

Another name for spongy bone

Protraction

Anterior forward

Eversion

Big toe

Osteoclasts

Bone destroying cells

endochondral ossification

Bone development from cartilage

intramembranous ossification

Bone development from membranes such as those found in the flat bones of the skull

Red marrow of bones

Blood cells are produced

irregular bones

Bones of the spine are classified as what

Flat bones

Broad, flat surface

Adduction

Conical movement in which the distal end of a structure moves in a circle and the proximal end remains fixed

Spongy bone

Constitutes approx. 20% total bone mass

Compact bone

Constitutes approx. 80% of bone mass

Haversian canal

Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves

Spongy bone

Contains thins strips called trabeculae

Articulate cartilage

Cover the articulating surface of bone

Eversion

Elevation of the medial edge of the foot so that it turns toward the midline of the body

Bursae

Flat saclike structures located between ligaments and bones within joints

appendicular skeleton

Has 126 bones

axial skeleton

Has 80 bones along central axis

long bones location

Humerus , ulna and radius, femur , tibia and fibula

epiphyseal plate

Hyaline cartilage is found near the ends of growing bone, allowing them to increase in length

Bone tissue

Is a type of connective tissue

Osteocytes

Mature bone

Circumduction

Movement of a joint so that a body part moves towards the midline of the body

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the able as the foot moves superiority in the direction of the top of the foot

Shoulder girdle , upper extremities, pelvic girdle

Name bones in the appendicular skeleton

Skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

Name of bones in axial skeleton

sesamoid bones location

Patella , hands, feet

Inversion

Pinky toe

Retraction

Posterior backwards

bone remodeling

Process of bone destruction by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts

trabeculae

Provides strength similar to braces supporting a building

sesamoid bones

Round , small, embedded in tendons

Irregular bones location

Skull and vertebrae

Short bones

Small and cube shaped can't sing multiple articulating surfaces

sesamoid bones

Small round bones embedded in tendons are

flat bones location

Sternum , scapula , rib cage , pelvis, skull

Periosteum

Term used to describe the dense fibrous sheath surrounding the diaphysis

medullary cavity

Term used to describe the hollow space in the center of the diaphysis

Diaphysis

Term used to describe the long cylindrical shaft of the bone

Epiphyses

Term used to describe the two ends of a long bone

hinge joint

The bending of a joint so that the angle of the joint decrease

Haversian canal

The central passageway of an osteon

compact bone

The hard outer shell of a bone

spongy bone

The lighter and less dense area of a bone

Ossification

The process of bone development

axial and appendicular

The two divisions of the skeleton are:

Ball and socket

This joint offers the greatest range of motion

ostearthritis

This joint pathology is characterized by the inflammation of the joint capsule and joint damage is progressive leading to loss of cartilage

multiaxial

This joint provides movement in all three cardinal planes

Uniaxial

This joint provides movement in one axis

Baker cyst

This pathology is an accumulation of synovial fluid behind the knee

rheumatoid arthritis

This pathology is chronic inflammatory systemic arthritis that destroys synovial membranes

Osteoporosis

This pathology is the loss of normal bone density and increases susceptibility of fractures

Gout

This pathology results from the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints

Plantar flexion

Toes to floor

Dorsiflexion

Toes to nose

osseous tissue

another name for bone tissue

Haversian canal

another name for central canal

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

short bones

carpals and tarsals

Transverse canals (volkmann canals)

connect central canals

Diarthrotic

freely movable joint

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

Scoliosis

lateral curvature of the thoracic spine

Long bones

longer than they are wide

Compact and spongy

two types of bone tissue

intramembranous and endochondral

two types of ossification